fa ارتباط الگوی مصرف دخانیات با افسردگی: شواهدی از مطالعه پوکوستئو بوشهر بهداشت عمومی Public Health پژوهشي Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1f4e79">زمینه:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">با توجه به افزایش جمعیت سالمندان در جهان و ایران مسائل مرتبط با سلامت روان، از جمله افسردگی، و عادات مصرف دخانیات در این گروه سنی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین عادات مصرف دخانیات و افسردگی در زنان و مردان بالای </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">50</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">سال مطالعه پوکوستئو شهر بوشهر انجام شد</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1f4e79">مواد و روش‌ها:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای مقطعی است که بر داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از 1998 نفر مرد و زن </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">بالای 50 سال در مطالعه پوکوستئو انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه‌های دموگرافیک، پرسشنامه عادات مصرف دخانیات و پرسشنامه استاندارد افسردگی</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"> PHQ-9 </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">جمع‌آوری گردید. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"> SPSS </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">ویرایش 26 انجام گرفت</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1f4e79">یافته‌ها:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که الگوهای مصرف دخانیات بین مردان و زنان متفاوت است؛ مردان به‌طور عمده سیگار مصرف می‌کنند (0/001></span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">، در حالی‌که زنان بیش از مردان قلیان می‌کشند (0/001></span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">) و در تماس با دود غیرمستقیم سیگار می‌باشند </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">(0/001></span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. شیوع افسردگی در زنان (9 درصد) بالاتر از مردان (1/2 درصد) بود (0/001></span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. در مردان، مصرف کنونی سیگار با کاهش سطح افسردگی مرتبط بود (0/001></span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">، در حالی‌که در زنان، مصرف قلیان (0/001=</span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">) </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و مواجهه با دود سیگار و قلیان (0/021=</span></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">P</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">) </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">با افزایش سطح افسردگی همراه بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1f4e79">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">عادات مصرف دخانیات و افسردگی تابع جنسیت بوده و </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">در زنان، مصرف قلیان و مواجهه با دود غیرمستقیم سیگار و قلیان با افزایش افسردگی مرتبط می‌باشد، در حالی‌که</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d">در مردان، مصرف سیگار به‌طور موقت علائم افسردگی را کاهش می‌داد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#002060">Background:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#404040">Given the increasing population of older adults in the world and Iran, mental health issues, including depression, and smoking habits in this age group require particular attention. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking habits and depression in women and men over 50 years of age in the PoCOsteo study in Bushehr, Iran.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#002060">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#404040"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on the data collected from 1998 men and women over 50 years of age in the PoCOsteo study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, smoking habits questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 software.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#002060">Results:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#404040"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">The results of this study showed that smoking patterns are different between men and women; men mainly smoke cigarettes (P<0.001) while women smoke hookah more than men (P<0.001) and are exposed to secondhand smoke (P<0.001). The prevalence of depression was higher in women (9%) than in men (1.2%) (P<0.001). In men, current cigarette use was associated with reduced levels of depression (P<0.001), while in women, hookah use (P=0.001) and exposure to cigarette and hookah smoke (P=0.021) were associated with increased levels of depression.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#404040"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#002060">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span iransans="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#404040"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">Tobacco use habits and depression are gender-specific, and in women, hookah use and exposure to secondhand smoke are associated with increased depression, while in men, smoking temporarily reduced depressive symptoms.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> افسردگی, پوکوستئو, دخانیات, سالمندی, مصرف سیگار, مصرف قلیان Depression, PoCOsteo Study, Smoking, Older adults, Cigarette use, Hookah or waterpipe use 622 633 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1115-58&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mobin Hashemi مبین هاشمی 5700319475328460018805 0009-0001-3760-3652 No Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران Rahim Tahmasebi رحیم طهماسبی 5700319475328460018806 5700319475328460018806 No Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran<br>The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran گروه آمار زیستی و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران<br>مرکز تحقیقات طب گرمسیری و عفونی خلیج‌فارس، پژوهشکده علوم زیست پزشکی خلیج‌فارس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران Amirhossain Darabi امیرحسین دارابی 5700319475328460018807 5700319475328460018807 No The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran مرکز تحقیقات طب گرمسیری و عفونی خلیج‌فارس، پژوهشکده علوم زیست پزشکی خلیج‌فارس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران Reza Nemati رضا نعمتی 5700319475328460018808 5700319475328460018808 No Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran گروه نورولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران Iraj Nabipour ایرج نبی‌پور 5700319475328460018809 5700319475328460018809 No The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran مرکز تحقیقات زیست فناوری دریایی خلیج‌فارس، پژوهشکده علوم زیست پزشکی خلیج‌فارس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران Azita Noroozi آزیتا نوروزی azitanoroozi@yahoo.com 5700319475328460018810 5700319475328460018810 Yes The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran<br>Department of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran مرکز تحقیقات طب گرمسیری و عفونی خلیج‌فارس، پژوهشکده علوم زیست پزشکی خلیج‌فارس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران<br>گروه آموزش بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران