@article{ author = {Arjomandzadegan, Mohammad and Geravand, Somaeah and Ahmadi, Azam and Sadrnia, Maryam and Kahbazi, Manezheh}, title = {Rapid detection of mutations in codon 43 of rpsL gene by RFLP method with BsajI and MbooII restriction enzymes associated with resistance to Streptomycin in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis}, abstract ={Background: Streptomycin is one of the most efficient treatments of tuberculosis that increasingly reported its drug resistance. The most common mutations associated with drug resistance to streptomycin of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, causes tuberculosis, and occurs at codons 43 and 88 of rpsL gene. The purpose of this study is study of alterations in rpsL gene with two restriction enzymes BsajI and MbooII related to drug resistant to streptomycin in clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed using 71 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular PCR-RFLP methods were designed with two enzymes BsajI and MbooII for mutation analysis at codon 43 of rpsL, in resistant and susceptible strains, respectively. Finally, the results were compared with sequencing and phenotype strains. Results: 25 subjects were studied with enzyme BsajI. This enzyme is capable of detection 64 percent of resistant and all sensitive strains. 46 strains were examined by enzyme MboII. This enzyme detected almost 91 percent of sensitive strains. MboII is selected for detection of sensitive strains (unlike BsajI). Results of sequencing rpsL genes in investigated strains, showed fully consistent with the results of PCR-RFLP and proved mutation in codon of 43 of thin genes in studied strains. Conclusion: The results showed that the PCR-RFLP with designed restriction enzymes can be used as a rapid, simple assay, and has high sensitivity for differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistance to Streptomycin.}, Keywords = {Drug resistance, Streptomycin, PCR-RFLP, BsajI}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1115-1123}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.001}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Molahoveizeh, Hana and EshaghHarooni, Homan and Najafzadehvarzi, Hosean and Moazedi, Ahmad Ali}, title = {Assessment the effect of NO inhibition on hippocampal normetanephrine level in stress and non-stress conditions in adult male rats}, abstract ={Background: Nitric oxide (NO) has a role in the regulation of neurotransmitters release such as norepinephrine, in the hippocampus.Normetanephrine (NMN) is a metabolite of norepinephrine created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) on norepinephrine. Several studies have shown that various stresses increased release of norepinephrine and its metabolites. Therefore in the present study, the role of Nitric oxide in regulation of norepinephrine release and its metabolism was investigated by administration of L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) in stressed and non-stressed rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 50 adult rats were divided into 10 groups, of which 5 groups were exposed to restraint stress while another 5 groups were without stress. These two set of groups included intact, saline and L-NAME (20, 40, 80 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after intraperituneal injection of L-NAME, brains removed, the hippocampus dissected, weighed, homogenized and centrifuged then amount of NMN measured by ELISA kit. Results: The results showed that in non-stressed condition amount of NMN were significantly increased in group that received L-NAME (80 mg/kg) in comparison with other groups but in stress condition, amount of NMN was significantly decreased in groups that received L-NAME (20,40,80 mg/kg), in comparison with control and saline groups. Comparison between stress and non-stressed groups showed that stress alone cause an increase in amount of NMN in control and saline groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, NO synthesis inhibition produced opposite responses with respect to NMN amount in the presence or absence of stress, and probably L-NAME preventing the effect of stress on increasing NMN levels mediated by nitrergic pathway.}, Keywords = {Hippocampus, Nitric oxide, Normetanephrine, rat, Stress}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1124-1131}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.002}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tahmasbifard, Zahra and Hasanzad, Mandana and Nafisi, Nahi}, title = {Study of Fas 1377 G˃A polymorphism in breast cancer of Iranian patients}, abstract ={Background: Apoptosis or programmed cell death is essential for developing and tissue repair. Apoptosis stimulates by binding fas to fas ligand that plays an important role in regulation of the immune system. There are Conflicting data on the association between 1377 polymorphisms and susceptibility to cancer. This study has been conducted to investigation the relationship between polymorphism 1377 A / G in the Fas gene and breast cancer of Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: 65 patients with breast cancer and 57 control subjects were studied. In this study, PCR-RFLP method was used to determine genotypes. Statistical analysis software SPSS 19, by two-dimensional tables X2 test with 99% confidence intervals were calculated . Results: The results were showed that the genotype AA 70.7%, GG 27.7%, AG 1.53% of breast carcinoma samples and genotypes AA 56.1%, GG 17.5%, AG 26.3% prevalence among the controls. Also according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of allele A in cancer patients was 71.5% and the frequency of G was 28.5% and the frequency of allele A in control subjects was 69.3% and for allele G 30.7% was calculated. Statistically significant relationship was observed between the two groups. (P-Value ˃0.01) Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, polymorphism 1377 G / A in Fas gene were associated with susceptibility to breast cancer, and it can be considered as a factor in breast carcinogenesis.}, Keywords = {Fas 1377 G / A, polymorphism, breast cancer, RFLP-PCR}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1132-1139}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.003}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hoseinpur, Rasoul and Khaki, Pezhvak and MoradiBidhendi, Soheila and Noofeli, Mojtab}, title = {Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding LipL21 in the vaccinal leptospira serovars}, abstract ={Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease in humans and animals, caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. Gene expressing LipL21 is one of the genes identified in the bacterium, existing only in the pathogenic strains. The aim of this study was to cloning and analyzing the sequence of the gene encoding surface lipoprotein, LipL21, in five vaccinal leptospira serovars in Iran. Material and Methods: Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans serovars were cultured in EMJH medium with 10% rabbit serum. After genomic DNA extraction, PCR with specific primers was employed and the resulting product inserted in a vector then transferred into E. Coli DH5&alpha. The recombinant plasmids were finally sent for sequencing. Results: The analysis of gene lipL21 in domestic vaccinal serovars and comparison of them with other serovars in the GenBank database revealed that three vaccinal serovars serjo hardjo, canicola and pomona had 100% similarity with each other and grippotyphosa serovar had the highest difference with the vaccinal serovars. In general, the results showed that this gene is a highly conserved gene in the domestic vaccinal serovars and serovars in the GenBank database with more than 95.7 percent similarity. Conclusion: These results showed that the gene, lipL21, is highly conserved in the vaccinal serovars (similarities > 96.4 %). Therefore, the gene encoding surface protein LipL21 can serve as a useful serologic test with high specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis of leptospirosis in clinical samples and in future as an effective subunit vaccine candidate to be used.}, Keywords = {Leptospirosis, Leptospira Spp., lipL21 gene, cloning }, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1140-1148}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.004}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-747-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-747-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {KhaksaryMahabady, Mahmood and NajafzadehVarzi, Hosean and Sabet, Mozhg}, title = {Effect of nitroprusside on furosemide-induced skeletal teratogenicity in rat fetuses}, abstract ={Background: Furosemide as a loop diuretic can use in treatment of hypertension, renal or heart failures and cirrhosis, when sodium retention is significant. It is known that use of furosemide can be lead congenital abnormalities in humans and animals. Nitroprusside as a NO donor can decrease blood supply complications and constriction of placenta and uterus via vasodilation and improvment blood supply. The aim of this study was preventation or decrease of teratogenicity form furosemide in rat fetuses by sodium nitroprusside. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 28 pregnant rats that were divided into four groups, the groups consist control, furosemide, sodium nitroprusside and furosemide plus sodium nitroprusside. Drugs were administrated on 14th and 16th day of gestation. Test groups received furosemide (200mg/kg) orally, and nitroprusside (0.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The rats were euthanized and fetuses were collected at 19th day of gestation, after weight and length determination, they stained by Alizarin red- Alician blue method. Then the skeletal system of the stained fetuses was investigated by stereomicroscope for teratogenicity effects. Results: The results showed the cleft palate, wavy ribs and decreased ossification mean incidence in forelimbs and hindlimbs were 11.11%, 68.88% and 20% in the fetuses of the rats received furosemide, where as it decreased to 7.31%, 21.95% and 12.19% in group which received furosemide plus nitroprusside, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that sodium nitroprusside can significantly decrease teratogenicity induced by furosemide.}, Keywords = {Teratogenicity, Furosemide, Nitroprusside, Rat, Skeletal system}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1149-1163}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.005}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-748-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-748-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Anvaripour, Abdolrasool and KazemiZanjani, Lila and NajafiAnaraki, Abdolreza and Mirzaei, Kamr}, title = {A Comparison the Hemodynamic Changes between Cutaneous and Intravenous Nitroglycerin in Patients with Known Ischemic Heart Disease under Phacoemulsification Surgery}, abstract ={Background: In order to provide better hemodynamic control in patients with known ischemic  heart disase in phacoemulsification surgery under general anesthesia. In this study we compared Cutaneous Nitroglycerin and Intravenous Nitroglycerin on hemodynamic stability in this procedure under general anesthesia. Material and Methods: In this randomized, prospective clinical trial study, 50 patients with 50- 70 years old candidate for phacoemulsification surgery under general anesthesiadivided two groups: 25 patients in control group received intravenous nitroglycerin and 25 ones in case group received cutaneous nitroglycerin. For the intravenous nitroglycerin patients group, before induction of anesthesia, 0.25–0.5 mcg/kg/min intravenous nitroglycerin started and the dose was adjusted according to the hemodynamic changes. All patients underwent cardiac monitoring for arrhythmia detection and S-T segment and T changes during anesthesia by NIBP and ECG monitoringwith a specified time (before induction of anesthesia 1 and 3 minutes after induction after the placement of laryngeal mask after the incision of surgery and after removal of the mask) were recorded.A nitroglycerin skin patch (ointment 2%) of up to 2 cm was applied  in the anterior chest wall 40 minutes before the induction of anesthesia.All patients operated with same method in phacoemulsification surgery without epinephrine solution.A statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (version 16).A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no difference between groups in Mean age and sex, baseline hemodynamic values including: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure.The systolic blood pressure in the intravenous nitroglycerin group in the third minute after induction of anesthesia, insertion of laryngeal mask, and removal of the mask and one hour after surgery was lower than that of the nitroglycerin skin group this difference was statistically significant.Diastolic blood pressure in the intravenous nitroglycerin group was lower than other groups after removal of the laryngeal mask than that of the nitroglycerin skin group this difference was statistically significant.Heart rates in the intravenous nitroglycerin group at the third minute after induction of anesthesia, insertion of the laryngeal mask, and stimulation surgery were higher than in those of the nitroglycerin skin groups this difference was statistically significant.No statistical significances were discovered in mean arterial blood pressure in both groups. A statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (version 16).A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study our findings demonstrate that the nitroglycerin skin patch in patients with known ischemic heart disease undergoing phacoemulsification surgery under general anesthesia induces hemodynamic stability. Intraoperative events such as systolic hypertension, diastolic hypotension, and persistent tachycardia  does not  affect  known ischemic patients with cutaneous nitroglycerin.}, Keywords = {Cutaneous Nitroglycerin, Intravenous Nitroglycerin, Ischemic Heart disease, Phacoemulsification surgery, General Anesthesia}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1164-1170}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.006}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sanjideh, Maryam and Naeimi, Sirous and MoradiNasab, Maryam and Moradi, Roya and Vahdat, Katayo}, title = {Cytomegalovirus infection in NICU admitted neonates in Boushehr}, abstract ={Background: Cytomegalovirus is the most prevalent cause of congenital infections and the most important cause of congenital deafness. Which it's spread is about 0.64% of all birth which differ based on geolocation, race and socioeconomically situations. This proposal accomplished in the end of July until middle of February 2014 with the goal of studying Cytomegalovirus infection distribution among newborns who are hospitalized in Bushehr Shohadaye Khalij Fars hospital NICU. Material & Method: 80 urine samples were collected between July until February 2014 in NICU of Bushehr Khalij Fars hospitalized neonates. Samples were tested by PCR method on urine samples to find if they are infected by cytomegalovirus. Results: Mean age of neonates was 30.59±9.30 days. Only one newborn under 30 days had Cytomegalovirus and 11 cases older than 30 days had positive reaction. The relation between age and CMV seropositivity was statistically valid (p<0.05).this means only 1.2% of newborns are CMV and 55% are older than 1 month. Conclusion: The pattern of CMV seropositivity shows that most infections may be acquired from environment. According to low prevalence of congenital CMV infection, there is no need to introduce preventive methods and following present guidelines is enough.}, Keywords = {Human Cytomegalovirus, Congenital infection, Neonatal ICU, PCR}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1171-1178}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.007}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudi, Mohammad and Alizadeh, Shaban and Dorgalaleh, Akbar and Tabibian, Shadi and EsmaeiliReykandeh, Samira and Shamsizadeh, Mortez}, title = {The effects of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia on blood indices}, abstract ={Background: Cell Blood Count (CBC) are performed with automatic analysers in laboratories.It works based on three principles electrical impedance, scatter light and flowcytometry. Many factors might affect results by these machines. This study was performed to assay the effect of some confounders on the results of analysers that work based on electrical resistance. Material and method: This analytical study (case- control) was conducted on 243 persons with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and 100 healthy persosn (control group) in Fateme Zahra Hospital in North of Iran, Golestan. First, Blood glucose and triglyceride were measured with biochemical analyser and CBC was performed for each person. Finally, Statistical analysis and comparison between two groups were performed with SPSS software. Resuts: Comparison between case and control group was shown that both hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia cause increase in  Mean Cell Volume (MCV) and also hyperlipidemia can cause increase in Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Hct) with (P<0.05) Conclusion: According to this study, confounding factors such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can affect the results of analysers that work based on electrical impedance and it should be considered in laboratories.}, Keywords = {hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, automatic analyser, Hematologic indices}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1179-1185}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.008}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-751-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-751-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Karimian, Jahanger and Entezari, Mohammadhosean and Pahlavani, Naseh and Papi, Bahman and Rasad, Hamid and Chaboksavar, Fakhrodi}, title = {Evaluation the effects of L-arginine supplementation on exercise performance, body composition and serum sodium and potassium in healthy male athletes}, abstract ={Background: L- Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that can affect athletic performance. Thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of L- arginine supplementation on athletic performance, body composition and serum sodium and potassium levels in male athletes. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Participants, 56 male athletes with an average age of 20.85±4.29 years were selected in Isfahan University of Medical Science clubs in the winter of 2014. Athletes received l- arginine supplementation with a dose of 2 g daily for 45 days in the intervention group and the same amount of placebo (maltodextrin) in the control group received. At the beginning and end of the study, the level of athletic performance, body composition and serum sodium and potassium levels were measured and data were analysis with using SPSS software version 19. Results: At the end of the study athletic performance in the group receiving supplements of L - arginine significantly improved compared to the control group (P=0.035). However, no significant changes in body composition and serum sodium and potassium levels were observed (P>0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of L - arginine can improve athletic performance in semi-professional athletes.}, Keywords = {L - arginine, athletes, sports performance, serum sodium and potassium, body composition}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1186-1197}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.009}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-752-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-752-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Japoni, Aziz and Anvarinejad, Mojtaba and Mardaneh, Jalal}, title = {Molecular Typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Burn Patients in South of Iran}, abstract ={Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main etiological agents in burn infections which could be life threatening for the infected patients. The aim of the present study was to identify and track source of infections using two molecular typing methods. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from burn patients and hospital environment in Ghotbadden Burn Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Isolates were typed by arbitrary primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and plasmid profiling. Similarity and clustering of the strains was assessed using NTSYS-PC software and photo Capt Mw program. Results: Thirty eight plasmid profiles were obtained and classified them into: 2, 3and 5 clusters, based on 50%, 64.7% and 67.5% similarity on the plotted dendrogram, respectively. Drawn dendrogarm categorized AP-PCR products to 47 different types. Conclusion: Based on these results, a limited number of P. aeruginosa types are predominant in the hospitals which infect the burn patients. To control of the infections in patients with antibiotics, resistant isolates, strong disinfection of patients’ bathroom after scrubbing of patients wounds, should be implemented.}, Keywords = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Plasmid typing, Source of infections, AP-PCR.}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1198-1207}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.010}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Soleimani, Solmaz and Yousefzadi, Morteza and Moein, Sohila and AmrollahiBioki, Narges}, title = {Assessment of Anti- Inflammatory effect of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei From the Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Background: sea urchins belonging to phylum echinoderms of marine invertebrates them found to possess excellent. Inflammation can be considered a set of complex processes that many body systems including the immune and nervous system are involved. The aim of the present research was undertaken to study the anti- inflammatory activity of different extracts, coelomic fluid and pigments shells and spines of sea urchin of Echinodermata mathaei. Material and method: Isolation of different tissues extracts (spine, shell, gonad and aristotol lantern) sea urchin by three solvents (n- hexan, ethyl acetate, methanol). Isolation coelomic fluid by buffered mode and pigments shell and spine by HCl of sea urchin evaluation antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging) and anti- inflammatory activity investigated through inhibition albumin serum denaturation. Resuts: According to the results of the study, the spine- methanoli and coelomic fluid (CF) had the highest activity in the DPPH radical scavenging and aristotol lantern- ethyl acetate and pigment shell highest activity in the anti- inflammatory methods. Significant differences were observed at P<0.05. Conclusion: The result of this research indicated that sea urchin of E.mathaei due to the high antioxidant activity, have anti- inflammatory activities too.}, Keywords = {Anti- inflammatory activity, sea urchin, Echinodermata mathaei ,Persian Gulf}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1208-1220}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.011}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shakib, Zohreh and Noroozi, Azit}, title = {Role of the educational and non-educational factors on the mental health in girl high school students in Bushehr city on 2014}, abstract ={: The mental health has a prominent role in psychosocial development in different periods of life, especially during adolescence. Mental disorders in adolescents can be related to different educational and non-educational factors. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify the educational and non-educational factors affecting the mental health of femal high school students in Bushehr. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 500 high school femal students evaluated with using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Information was collected by questionnaire with three-part including educational factors (suchas anxiety academic and educational motivation), non educational factors (suchas demographic characteristics) and quality of life (SF-36) part. The data were analyzed with SPSS software by using appropriate statistical tests. In this study the mental health level was moderate (50.99±11), and mental health was associated with educational motivation, facilitator anxiety, the school years, educational branch, interest to educational branch, mother education, evaluation of educational counseling, and evaluation of non educational counseling. Maternal education, interest to educational branch, the evaluation of non-educational counseling, facilitating stress, the school year, and educational branch were predictors of mental health (R2= 0.107). According to the results, providing educational consulting for increasing interest to educational branch, also non educational consulting for reducing problems and designing stress management workshop are necessary to improve students' mental health.}, Keywords = {Mental health, Demographic factors, Test anxiety, Education motivation, Students.}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1221-1235}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.012}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-755-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-755-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {GhorbaneMoghaddam, Zinab and Sharifi, Sharif and Raeese, Alireza and YazdankhahFard, Mohammadreza and Mirzaee, Kamran and Bahraine, Masou}, title = {Investigation of Hemodialysis Adequacy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in the Shohada Hospital in Bushehr}, abstract ={Background: In daily clinical practice two useful tools for calculation of hemodialysis adequacy are Urea Kinetic Modeling and Urea Reduction Ratio (URR). The amount of dialysis that a patient receives can impact morbidity and mortality. The main goal of this research is investigating of dialysis adequacy in patients undergoing dialysis in hemodialysis ward. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 93 patients admitted in hemodialysis ward.Pre- and post-dialysis blood samples for measurement of BUN levels were obtained according to 2006 National Kidney Foundation guidelines.kt/v Daugirdas formula and URR were used to assess the adequacy of hemodialysis. Data was analyzed by parametric and non parametric tests using the spss version 19 software. Results: The results of the study show that 59.1 % patients were kt/v &rsaquo1.2 and 53.8% of them were URR&rsaquo 65%. The mean of kt/v and URR were 1.35±0.53 and 66.15%±12.48 respectively .The minimum and maximum kt/v indices were 0.20 and 4.02 and The minimum and maximum URR were 11.50% and 95.10% respectively. Conclusion: according to the dialysis adequacy indices (kt/v and URR) more than 40% of patients admitted to this Hemodialysis ward received inadequate hemodialysis services that need more supervision and follow up.}, Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Dialysis adequacy, kt/v, URR}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1236-1244}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.013}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-756-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-756-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khosravi, Abdolrasool and Ahmadzadeh, Khadejeh}, title = {Investigating health literacy Level of patients referred to Bushehr hospitals and recognizing its effective factors}, abstract ={Background: Health literacy is defined as the degree of Individual's capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Functional health literacy is critically important during the typical patient–provider encounter According to this, current research aimed to investigate the level of the health literacy of patients referred to Bushehr’s hospital (Iran) and recognizing its effective factors. Material and Methods: In this descriptive survey, 250 patients refers to Bushehr’s hospital (Iran) were selected as a sample study. Health literacy was measured by Normalized Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Independent t-tests, One Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation at a significant level (p.value>0.05). Results: The findings showed that the level of the health literacy of these patients was in marginal level (69.2). Health literacy was associated by sexuality, age and education. Conclusion: Generally, this research shows that the health literacy level is not adequate among patients. This result determines  it is important to that notice health literacy and trying to improve it. Providing easy and readable educational resources for patients, educational classes for them and so on are some ways to improve health literacy.}, Keywords = {Health Literacy, Patient, Functional Health Literacy, Bushehr}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1245-1253}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.014}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-758-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-758-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nosratzehi, Tahereh and Lesan, Simean and Ousia, Mohammadali}, title = {Halitosis and related factors in patient referred to the Clinic of Dentistry, Zahedan}, abstract ={Background: Halitosis is defined as unpleasant odor from the mouth .In %87 of cases the cause of halitosis are located in the oral cavity. It is a medico-social problem that affect a many number of people. purpose of this study was to determine factors involved in halitosis patients were referred to the dental clinic Zahedan. Materials and Methods : 320 people were attending the halitosis or halitophobia for this survey were selected . Selected individuals from eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum, about 24 hours before sampling was forbidden , and also noted that on examination of brushing, flossing and mouthwash brands do not use . Regarding gingival index periodontal used, in terms of smoking were divided into two groups, consumer and non- consumer - reviews decay and bad restorations through clinical examination and bitewing radiography was performed and the diagnosis of patients with the prosthesis or any the corresponding table were recorded . Crowding teeth were considered . Organoleptic method was used to check for bad breath . Results: The findings of factors such as tooth decay (72%), periodontal disease (47.5%), tounge  coating (17.5%) are artificial teeth (13.75%) and food impaction, were signficantly  related with halitosis. Conclusion: diagnosis and treatment of halitosis are pramily the responsibility of dentists. It is important for the dentist to have a proper understanding of halitosis and provide correct treatment.}, Keywords = {Halitosis, Oral disorders, Volatile Sulfur Component, Anaerobic microbes}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1254-1261}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.015}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-759-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-759-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fouladvand, Moradali and Khorami, Soliman and Naeimi, Behrooz}, title = {Evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal activity of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)}, abstract ={Background: Leishmania is a trypanosomatid protozoan which is transmitted by the female Phlebotomus sand fly. Leishmaniasis is prevalent in four continents and is considered to be endemic in 88 countries, 72 of which are developing countries. It is estimated that it’s global prevalence and incidence is 12 millions and 500 thousands respectively. The recommended drugs used for the treatment of this disease are mainly ineffective, toxic and exhibit many side effects. Based on some studies,tea tree oil that is a yellow color liquid with spicy odor exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity, so, we evaluated it’s anti-leishmanial effect. Materials and Methods: Tea tree oil was purchased from Dr Jahangiri pharmaceutical company and it’s various concentrations (mg/ml800, mg/ml400, mg/ml200, mg/ml100) were prepared in 1ml volume of TSB solvent in 15ml test tubes, then 9 ml of RPMI-1640 medium and 1×106 promastigotes was added to each tube, as a final volume of 10 ml. These tubes were incubated at 23o c for 72 hours and number of parasites in the first 6 hours once every hour and after that every 24 hours were counted by hemocytometer. Results: Lethal dose of tea tree oil for 50% of promastigotes ( IC50 ) is 337 mg/ml, while the 800 mg/ml of this extract can killed 95% of the parasites after 24 hours of incubation, and it’s lower concentrations of this extract showed dose-dependent leishmanicidal activity. Glucantime as positive control drug at concentration of 300 mg/ml killed all the promastigotes, while the number of promastigotes in negative control tubes was increase during the incubation period. Conclusion: Anti-Leishmanial activity of tea tree oil with IC50 of 337 mg/ml and 95% lethality of 800 mg/ml is promising and further study for analyse the active ingredients of this oil and evaluation of it’s anti-leishmanial effect, particularly in laboratory animal is recommended.}, Keywords = {Leishmania major, tea tree oil, TSB, Melaleuca alternifolia }, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1262-1269}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.016}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-760-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-760-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohebbi, Gholamhosean and Nabipour, Iraj and Arshadi, Seyedeh Samir}, title = {Bryozoans, the remedy hidden treasures of oceans: secondary metabolites}, abstract ={Bryozoans, commonly known as “moss animals”, are typically aquatic, filter feeding, sessile, colonial marine animals. Although, they are a rich resource of new bioactive secondary metabolites, but studies on their secondary metabolite have been neglected. Although over 8000 species are known, the lowest numbers of novel compounds were isolated from the phylum Bryozoa. In addition, presently nothing is recognized regarding the origin of the bioactive compounds isolated by bryozoans. At present nothing is known regarding the origin of the natural products isolated by bryozoans. The most famous of compounds obtained from these organisms are macrolide lactones of Bryostatins. They are potent modulators of protein kinase C. The amazing compounds such as Flustramines, Hinckdentine, Convolutamines, Kororamides, Chatellines, Chartellamides, Convolutamines, Convolutamidines, euthyroideone, amathaspiramide, lutamides, Volutamides, tambjamines, Phidolopins, and dozens of other compounds with different biological properties have been obtained. Very few studies have been done on these treasures in the sea depth, and more studies need to be done on them for access to their secondary metabolites.}, Keywords = {Bryozoans, Bryostatin, Flustramine, Secondary metabolites }, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1270-1286}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.017}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-761-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-761-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nabipour, Iraj and Assadi, Maji}, title = {The technological singularity and exponential medicine}, abstract ={The "technological singularity" is forecasted to occur in 2045. It is a point when non-biological intelligence becomes more intelligent than humans and each generation of intelligent machines re-designs itself smarter. Beyond this point, there is a symbiosis between machines and humans. This co-existence will produce incredible impacts on medicine that its sparkles could be seen in healthcare industry and the future medicine since 2025. Ray Kurzweil, the great futurist, suggested that three revolutions in science and technology consisting genetic and molecular science, nanotechnology, and robotic (artificial intelligence) provided an exponential growth rate for medicine. The "exponential medicine" is going to create more disruptive technologies in healthcare industry. The exponential medicine shifts the paradigm of medical philosophy and produces significant impacts on the healthcare system and patient-physician relationship.   }, Keywords = {singularity, exponential medicine, personalized medicine, technology}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1287-1298}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.7508/ismj.1394.06.018}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-766-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-766-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2016} }