@article{ author = {Nabipour, Iraj}, title = {Philosophy of Synthetic Biology}, abstract ={Synthetic biology is a novel branch of biological sciences. With the creation of synthetic microorganisms with minimal genome compatible with life, Craig Venter had provoked hot philosophical discussions about the nature of life. Furthermore, recent advancements in synthetic biology have revived philosophical discussions about hybrid entities “synthetic organisms” and “living machines” and fundamental differences between biological machines and the living world. This paper is a critical analysis of the philosophical perspective on the design of synthetic organisms, minimal genome and artificial life. It also presents a critical view on knowledge-making practices in synthetic biology on Richard Feynman’s statement: “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”    }, Keywords = {Synthetic biology, Biological systems, Minimal life, Artificial life, Philosophy, Synthetic organisms}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.1}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ZakerHosseini, Marzeah and Naeimi, Sirous and Moradinasab, Maryam and Taherkhani, Sakeneh and Farshadpour, Fatemeh and Ansarifar, Akram and Taherkhani, Rez}, title = {Codon 72 Polymorphism of TP53 Gene in Cervical Biopsies with Abnormal Histology in Bushehr Province}, abstract ={Background: TP53 tumor suppressor gene plays a role in repairing DNA damage as well as in cell apoptosis. This study was conducted to compare codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene between abnormal cervical tissue samples and samples of healthy women as a control group. In addition the frequency of human herpes simplex viruses (HSV) in these samples was determined. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 biopsies of the cervix with abnormal pathology were examined from archives of the Department of Pathology at Shohadaye Khalij Fars Hospital, and 164 healthy women were selected as the control group. PCR test was used for detection of HSV, and Allele-specific PCR was used for analyzing codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene. Data was analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Distribution of codon 72 of TP53 genotypes in patient and control groups was not statistically significant. Evaluation of the frequency of arginine and proline alleles in the patient and control groups revealed that fewer patients were without proline allele (19%) compared to the control (30.1%), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.04), (OR: 1.03-3.36، CI 95%=1.86). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between TP53 genotype and variables of the pathology report, age, ethnicity and place of residence. In this study, HSV was not detected in the samples. Conclusion: Because of the significant difference in proline allele between the case and control groups, it appears that this allele is associated with the abnormal cervical pathology results in Bushehr Province.  }, Keywords = {Polymorphism, TP53 gene, Herpes simplex virus, Allele-specific PCR}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-28}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.19}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Daryabari, S.Saeadeh and Safaralizadeh, Reza and HosseinpourFeizi, Mohammad Ali and Moaddab, Yaghob and RavanbakhshGavgani, Rehaneh}, title = {CFL1 Gene Expression in the Intestinal Samples of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in East Azarbaijan Population}, abstract ={Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death around the world. Northern areas of Iran from northwest to northeast have a high risk of this cancer. Genetic mutations and changes in expression level are the most effective factors in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. CFL1 is one of the genes affected by changes in expression level. CFL1 is isoform of the ADF/cofilin protein family. The protein encoded by this gene can polymerize and depolymerize F-actin and G-actin in a pH-dependent manner. In this research, we studied the expression of this gene in intestinal samples of gastric adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods: In this study, mRNA was extracted from the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma of 26 biopsy samples. Next, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure gene expression  after cDNA synthesis. Results: The rate of CFL1 gene expression in tumor samples significantly increased compared with healthy tumor margins (p<0.05). Furthermore, the biomarker index for CFL1 was obtained 0.88. Conclusion: This gene can be used as a biomarker in gastric cancer. Overall, the results of this study showed that the expression of CFL1 has a significant association with the nature of cancer tumors. This implies that CFL1 has a high potential as a novel target for gene therapies in gastric cancer.      }, Keywords = {Stomach Neoplasm, Adenocarcinoma, CFL1}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-39}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.29}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tekieh, Elahe and Kazemi, Masomeh and Tavakoli, Hasan and Saberi, Mehdi and Ghanaati, Hosean and Hajinasrollah, Mostafa and Salehi, Maryam and Aliyary, Hamed and Sahraei, Hedayat}, title = {The Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Visual Learning, Memory and Anatomical Structures of the Brain in Male Rhesus Monkeys}, abstract ={Background: Humans in modern societies are exposed to substantially elevated levels of electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions with different frequencies. The neurobiological effects of EMF have been the subject of debate and intensive research over the past few decades. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of EMF on visual learning and anatomical dimensions of the hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) in male Rhesus monkeys. Materials and Methods: In this study, four rhesus monkeys of Macaca mulatta species were irradiated by 0.7 microtesla ELF-EMF either at 5 or 30 Hz, 4 h a day, for 30 days. Alterations in visual learning and memory were assessed before and after irradiation phase by using a box designed for challenging animals for gaining rewards. Furthermore, the monkeys’ brains were scanned by MRI technique one week before and one week after irradiation. The monkeys were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (10–20 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.2–0.4 mg/kg), and scanned with a 3-Tesla Magnetom, in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using T2 weighted protocol with a slice thickness of 3 mm. The anatomical changes of hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) were measured by volumetric study. Results: Electromagnetic field exposure at a frequency of 30 Hz reduced the number of correct responses in the learning process and delayed memory formation in the two tested monkeys. Meanwhile, ELF-EMF at 5 Hz had no effect on the visual learning and memory changes. No anatomical changes were observed in the prefrontal area and the hippocampus at both frequencies. Conclusion: ELF-EMF irradiation at 30 Hz adversely affected visual learning and memory, probably through factors other than changes in brain structure and anatomy.}, Keywords = {electromagnetic field, hippocampus, prefrontal area, macaca mulatta monkey, visual learning}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-53}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.40}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aghaghazvini, Lila and Sharifian, Hashem and Omidi, Sirous and Yazdani, Nasrin and Kooraki, Soheal}, title = {Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors in Comparison with Pathology Results}, abstract ={Background: Differentiation between benign and malignant parotid tumors before surgery is important because it can change the treatment plan for patients. We evaluated the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for differentiating benign from malignant parotid tumors. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with salivary gland tumor especially parotid, who were candidate for surgery, were enrolled. Patients were selected in Amiralam Hospital and underwent MRI in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at 135 and 270 time of echo (TE), and the choline/creatine ratio was determined. The cytological results were used to divide the patients into warthin, benign and malignant groups and ROC curves were used to determine the best cut off points. Results: Forty patients entered this study, 25 had benign non-warthin tumors, nine had malignant tumors and six had warthin tumors. TE:136 was stronger for differentiating benign from malignant tumors. The best cutoff point for choline/creatine ratio was 1.92 in TE:136 with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% and 1.76 in TE:270 with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 71%.  Choline/creatine ratio <1.25 can rule out malignancy with a sensitivity of 92% and ratio > 1.76 strongly suggests malignancy with a specificity of 10%. MRS was not able to differentiate benign non-warthin from warthin tumors. Conclusion: According to the present study, choline/creatine ratio in MRS is a noninvasive method that can be used for differentiating benign from malignant tumors.  }, Keywords = {Tumor, salivary gland, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, malignant, benign, parotid}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {54-64}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.54}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Edraki, Amin and Razminia, AbolHass}, title = {Classification of White Blood Cells Using Convolutional Neural Network}, abstract ={Background: Observing, categorizing and counting various types of white blood cells in a blood sample is one of the most important steps in the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to develop a fast and reliable system based on processing microscopic images of blood samples for classifying four types of white blood cells. Materials and Methods: The modified k-means clustering method was used to perform image segmentation. Furthermore, white blood cells were classified using a deep convolutional neural network with the help of data in the MISP database, a free database composed of microscopic blood sample images. Moreover, several regularization techniques such as dropout and image augmentation were applied to prevent overfitting of the network. Results: The classification accuracy of the neural network was found to be 99%, which is more successful than many earlier studies. In the segmentation section, the cross-reference index was 0.73. Conclusion: The results of this research show that processing the microscopic images of the blood sample can help develop rapid and reliable systems using different methods of image processing and machine learning.}, Keywords = {Image segmentation, image classification, deep neural networks, microscopic images of blood samples, white blood cell, convolutional neural network}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-80}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.65}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khosravi, Sadrollah and Amini, Masoud and Poursharifi, Hamid and Sobhani, Zahra and Sadeghian, Lil}, title = {The Effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model on Improving the Weight and Body Size Among Women Undergoing Bariatric Surgery}, abstract ={Background: Given the highly increasing weight in individuals and its complications in different societies, as well as the advances in bariatric surgery techniques, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions to reduce postoperative complications and to increase their positive outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all obese women undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Shiraz Ghadir Mother-Child Subspecialty Hospital in fall and winter 2016. Convenience sampling was used to select 30 women, who were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The data were collected with a scale and stadiometer, tape measure, and a demographic questionnaire for each group in two steps (pre-test and post-test). IMB model was implemented for the experimental group for four weeks (a 1.5 hour session per week) in the hospital’s Obesity Clinic. Data were analyzed in SPSS19 software using MANCOVA at the significance level of P <0.05. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that IMB model had a significant effect on improving weight and body size in obese women undergoing bariatric surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that Information Motivation Behavioral model can be effective on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery.  }, Keywords = {IMB model, weight, body size, bariatric surgery}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-91}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.1.81}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Vida and Movahed, Ali and Bargahi, Afshar and Khamisipour, GholamReza and Ostovar, Afshin and Daneshi, Adel and Akbarzadeh, Sam}, title = {Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Sargassum Oligocystum on Serum Concentration of SIRT1 and FGF21 in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat}, abstract ={Background: SIRT1 and FGF21 are known to regulate glucose metabolism and moderate diabetes complications. Sargassum oligocystum extract has therapeutic characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of sargassum oligocystum on serum levels of SIRT1 and FGF21in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups: the non-diabetic control, the diabetic control, the diabetic treated with 150mg/kg of the extract, the diabetic treated with 300mg/kg of extract, the diabetic treated with 450mg/kg of the extract and the diabetic treated with 100mg/kg of Metformin. After 30 days of treatment, serum levels of SIRT1 and FGF21 of rats were measured. The data was analyzed in SPSS software version 22. Results: The extract of sargassum at the dose of 450mg/kg significantly reduced the SIRT1 serum level, but no changes were observed in the serum level of FGF21 and insulin at any of the doses. Moreover, serum glucose and insulin resistance were decreased at the doses of 300mg/kg of the extract. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the algae extract did not significantly change SIRT1 and FGF21 levels in order to regulate the glucose metabolism.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Sargassum oligocystum, SIRT1, FGF21}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-102}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.2.92}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-918-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-918-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fouladvand, MoradAli and Barazesh, Afshin and Tahmasebi, Rahim and Mohammadi, Khosro and Khorami, Solim}, title = {Lethal Effect of Various Derivatives of Curcumin on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro}, abstract ={Background: Trichomoniasis is a common urogenital disease in the world. The first line of treatment for Trichomoniasis is metronidazole. Drug resistance and side effects of metronidazole urge researchers to seek new medications. Curcumin is a yellow substance derived from turmeric and has different derivatives with anticancer and antioxidant effects. We evaluated the anti-trichomonas effects of curcumin and its derivatives. Materials and Methods: Curcumin 70%, curcumin 90%, Bisdemethoxy curcumin, Diacetyl curcumin, Vanadyl curcumin, Vanadyl diacetyl curcumin, Indium curcumin and Gallium curcumin were prepared. Different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 µg/ml) of curcumin prepared with glycerin and 106 Trichomonas vaginalis were added to each well and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The in vitro toxicity of different extracts against Trichomonas vaginalis was evaluated through MTT assay. All tests were performed in triplicate and SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: The IC50 was 450, 400, 441, 453.2, 427.3, 417.6, 441 and 449.1 µg/ml, respectively for curcumin 70%, curcumin 90%, Bisdemethoxy curcumin, Diacetyl curcumin, Vanadyl curcumin, Vanadyl diacetyl curcumin, Indium curcumin and Gallium curcumin against Trichomonas vaginalis. Cytotoxic effects of these compounds against vero cells were 33.1%, 19%, 21%, 20.3%, 17%, 21%, 25.3% and 16%, respectively. Conclusion: Curcumin 90% had the most activity against Trichomonas vaginalis and Galium curcumin had the least cytotoxic effect against vero cells. It appears curcumin lotion can be used topically to treat trichomoniasis.}, Keywords = {Trichomonas vaginalis, Curcumin, MTT, Vero}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {116-124}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.2.116}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fouladvand, Morad Ali and Heydari, Ali and Barazesh, Afshi}, title = {Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in Prima-ry School Children of Bushehr, Iran in 2011}, abstract ={Background: Enterobius vermicularis is a human parasitic nematode and lives in the cecum and the distal parts of the digestive system. It is estimated that about one billion people are infected with this parasite worldwide, and children are more commonly infected than other age groups. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E.vermicularis and the relevant factors among primary school children in Bushehr. Materials & Methods: After coordination with the ministry of education, 12 schools were randomly selected from six districts in two stages, and 203 male and female students at different educational levels were examined using Garaham method. First, parents were trained how to sample properly and were given the necessary equipment. Then samples were collected and examined microscopically. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18.0 software using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Of the participants, 13.3% of cases (7.9% male and 5.4% female) were infected with E.vermicularis. The highest prevalence was observed in the fifth-grade students. There was no significant relationship between some symptoms such as drooling, sucking fingers and nail-biting and their gender, but it was significant for tooth grinding during sleep. The infection rate increased with the increasing family size. Conclusion: Given the prevalence of E.vermicularis among school children was relatively considerable in this study and that it causes sleep, growth and learning disorders in children, it is suggested that training courses be held for parents and preventive measures be taken to improve health in the region.}, Keywords = {Prevalence, Enterobius vermicularis, Primary school children, Bushehr, Iran}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {125-133}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.2.125}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-921-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-921-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dakhesh, Sara and Ostovar, Afshin and Hamidi, Ali}, title = {From Transfer of Research Question to Promoting the Use of Evidence in the Process of Knowledge Translation: Self-Assessment of Researchers in Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background: The knowledge transfer gap is one of the challenges facing the healthcare system. Nowadays, choosing the right and all-inclusive audience, determining the research priorities and publishing the key message of the research in a simple and understandable language have a special place in research. Knowledge translation is an effective strategy for acceptance and application of research results in practice. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the performance of researchers at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences from the transfer of research question to promoting the use of evidence in the process of knowledge translation. Materials and Methods: This descriptive survey recruited a population of researchers from Bushehr University of Medical Sciences who were randomly selected. Eighty-three researchers were selected if they met the inclusion criteria of having at least five approved research projects from 2011 to 2015 as the main researcher or collaborator. Data were collected using Self-Assessment Questionnaire of Academic Researchers Knowledge Translation Activities, which was validated in another phase of this research. Results: The findings of this study showed that the researchers' performance was better in the following items: knowing research priorities of the university (4±1.08), familiarity with the users of the research results (3.61±0.90) (the transfer of research question domain), conducting up-to-date research in accordance with the needs of the stakeholders (4.25±0.84), performing the necessary activities to produce a transmittable message (4.09±0.83) and observing the appropriate interval between determining the subject and beginning the study (4.08±0.83) (knowledge production domain), publication of research results in local and foreign journals (4.58±0.65), presenting the research results in local and foreign conferences, seminars and congresses (4.22±0.95) (knowledge transfer domain) and conducting research with the objective of evidence-based decision making (3.97±1.02) (promoting the use of evidence domain). Conclusion: The results indicate that although the performance of researchers is Bushehr University of Medical Sciences is at a desirable level in the whole process of knowledge translation, but the gap between the knowledge and practice in transfer of research question and knowledge requires effective intervention. Therefore, it is suggested that a Knowledge Translation Committee be established at the Deputy of Research and Technology.  }, Keywords = {Researchers, Knowledge translation, Transfer of research question, Knowledge production, Knowledge transfer, promoting the use of evidence, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {134-146}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.2.134}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-922-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-922-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Darvishi, Mashallah and Moradinasab, Maryam and Hosseini, Seyed Javad and Mohammadnia, Reza and Aminikhoei, Zahra and Nasri, Sima and Nabipour, Iraj}, title = {Molecular Identification of Shallow Water Zoanthids in the Coast of Bushehr- Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Background: The order zoantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) which is one of the most unexplored orders are present in the Persian Gulf. This group of cnidarians commonly found in tropical waters at various places in the world and morphological identification to the species level is extremely complicated. In the present study, molecular diversity of shallow water zoanthids from the  Bushehr coasts in the Persian Gulf was investigated for the first time.  Materials and Methods: Twenty-four colonies of zoanthids with variety of shape and colors have been collected from different locations. After DNA extraction using CTAB-Phenol-Chloroform method, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA (mt 16S rDNA) and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: Based on the obtained sequences, the presence of four species-level clades: Zoanthus sansibaricus, Zoanthus pulchellus, Zoanthus sociatus and Palythoa aff. mutuki. Palythoa aff confirmed. mutuki species observed in this study had identical sequences with previously reported Palythoa aff. mutuki in the Persian Gulf. Nevertheless, in the present study two new undescribed species from genus Zoanthus (Z.sociatus and Z.pulchellus) were identifed. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the efficiency of molecular markers application in comparison with morphological characteristics to identify zoaentaria, especially at the species level. Undoubtedly, more studies on zoanthids distribution patterns will increase our knowledge about the biodiversity of the Persian Gulf.}, Keywords = {Zoantharia, COI, mt 16S rDNA, ITS-rDNA, Persian Gulf}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {147-161}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.2.147}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Keshmiri, Saeed and Pordel, Safoura and Raeesi, Alireza and Nabipour, Iraj and Darabi, Hossein and Jamali, Saeedeh and Dobaradaran, Sina and Heidari, Gholamreza and Ostovar, Afshin and Ramavandi, Bahman and Tahmasebi, Rahim and Marzban, Maryam and Khajeian, Abdolmohammad and Sanati, Alimohammad and Farrokhi, Shokrollah}, title = {Environmental Pollution Caused by Gas and Petrochemical Industries and Its Effects on the Health of Residents of Assaluyeh Region, Irani-an Energy Capital: A Review Study}, abstract ={Gas and petrochemical industries in Assaluyeh produce various types of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, O3, NOx, SOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sulfide hydrogen (H2S), heavy metals and hazardous air pollutants (HAP) including nickel, chromium, cadmium and selenium, benzene, hexane, toluene, xylene, propylene and naphthalene, which have irreparable effects on ecosystem, environment and human health. Several studies have reported the presence of hazardous pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal sediments in the South Pars region.  Studies on marine aquatic organisms such as bivalves showed high and toxic concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, sternium, tin, silver, antimony, and molybdenum). Moreover, several studies have shown extremely high concentrations of heavy metals in the trees of Assaluyeh region compared to non-polluted areas. Some studies have reported that pollen allergenicity has increased dramatically due to changes in protein profiles and the biological structure of tree pollens caused by pollutants in the gas and petrochemical industries in Assaluyeh. In addition, studies conducted in residents of Assaluyeh showed that urinary levels of heavy metals such as arsenic, vanadium, manganese and nickel are significantly higher than those in the controls. The prevalence of asthma, nasal allergy and eczema is also higher in Assaluyeh region than that in other cities of Iran.}, Keywords = {Gas and Petrochemical Industries, Assaluyeh, Environmental Pollution, Health}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {162-185}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/ismj.21.2.162}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-925-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-925-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Seyedesmaeili, Nazanin and Onsory, Khadejeh}, title = {Expression of JAK2 and MicroRNA-216a in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia}, abstract ={Background: Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene functions in JAK/STAT signaling pathway which is one the most important pathways to transfer the effect of growth factors and cytokines to the cell nucleus. Cell growth, differentiation and migration occur after JAK2 is activated. Moreover, overexpression of miR-216a markedly inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and tumor growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of miR-216a and JAK2 as its target gene in AML patients. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the miR-216a and JAK2 expression was investigated in 60 AML patients admitted to Mirza Chochak Khane Jangali Hospital and 34 healthy individuals from Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran in 2015-2016. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of these genes was evaluated using Real-time PCR (ΔΔCT computational). Results: JAK2 gene expression was significantly increased in patients (P=0.0023). Meanwhile, miR-216a expression decreased in healthy individuals (P=0.1361). No significant relationship was observed between variables of age, sex, PLT, HGB, and FAB subtype and expression of the genes (P>0.05). However, a significant relationship was observed between variables of  WBC and Blasts and expression of genes. Conclusion: Expression of miR-216a and JAK2 can therefore be used as a diagnostic agent. They can have a role in prognosis of patients with AML.}, Keywords = {Acute Myeloid Leukemia, JAK2 gene, miR-216a, Real-time PCR}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {186-196}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-926-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-926-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Eskandary, Azadeh and Moazedi, Ahmad Ali and Zamani, Nastar}, title = {Effect of Lovastatin on Learning and Spatial Memory in Adult Male Rats}, abstract ={Background: Previous studies have shown that statins exert neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of lovastatin on learning and memory processes in adult male rats without brain damage. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 7 rats. Group 1, the control, without any injection; groups 2-4, test groups, each group received lovastatin (1, 10 and 20 mg/kg, IP daily for five days) and group 5, vehicle-treated group received the same volume of DMSO 5% as lovastatin vehicle. At the end of the treatment with lovastatin or vehicle, 8-arm radial maze and Y-maze task were used to evaluate spatial memory. Results: The results showed that lovastatin (10, 20 mg/kg) reduced reference and working memory errors and the time elapsed in the 8-arm radial maze task in the acquisition test (P˂0.05) and further reduced these functions in retention testing (P˂0.05) compared to the control group. On the Y maze test, alternation percentage showed a significant increase in 20 mg/kg group compared to the control (P˂0.01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high doses of lovastatin improve spatial memory although the exact mechanism by which lovastatin affects memory is unclear and requires further investigation.  }, Keywords = {Lovastatin, Learning, Memory, Rat}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {197-208}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-927-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-927-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abbasifard, Anahita and Movahed, Ali and Ostovar, Afshin and Bargahi, Afshar and Jaberi, Hajar and Akbarzadeh, Sam}, title = {Serum Irisin Changes Following Endurance Exercise and Caloric Restriction in Obese and Hypertriglyceridemic Rats}, abstract ={Background: The present study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that indicates the role of Irisin as an adipomyokine, in boosting energy consumption and heat generation in brown fat tissue following moderate exercise and calorie restriction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats (180-250g) were divided into four groups: Standard Control (STC), High Fat-high Carbohydrate diet (HFC), Stop High Fat- high Carbohydrate diet (S-HFC) and Exercise (EXE).The first 16 weeks were used to apply a special model (HF-HC diet for long-term) for inducing hypertriglyceridemia and weight gain, followed by five weeks of treatment for both groups (S-HFC and EXE).  S-HFC group diet changed to standard food and the EXE group ran on treadmill for 20 minutes daily for 5 days a week. The other two groups continued the same diet as the first 16 weeks (standard diet for STC and HF-HC diet for HFC). Lipid profile was measured by spectrophotometry and Irisin by ELISA method. Results: The model we used to induce the hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.000) and obese (p=0.001) was significantly successful. Serum triglyceride levels decreased after the treatment (p=0.011) while there were no significant changes in other components of lipid profiles, weight and serum Irisin  concentration. Moreover, the serum concentration of Irisin and triglyceride were not correlated (p=0.693, r=0.071). Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that exercise along with calorie restriction significantly reduced serum triglyceride levels, but did not necessarily affect the weight loss. There was no correlation between the concentration of triglyceride and Irisin.}, Keywords = {Irisin, Obesity, Hypertriglyceridemia, Exercise, Diet}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {209-219}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-928-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-928-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Farhad and Mirzaei, Parisa and Rastegar, Razieh and Naimee, Zohreh and Sanjideh, Zahra and Vahdat, Katayo}, title = {Prevalence of Measles Antibodies in Medical Students in Bushehr}, abstract ={Background: Measles is one of the most highly communicable of all infectious diseases in healthcare settings, and may transmit to medical personnel. This study was designed to assess measles immunity in a group of healthcare workers (medical students) and its relationship with age, sex and duration of working in hospital. Material and Methods: All medical students of the clinical courses were informed of the study in spring and summer of 2016. After collecting demographic information, 5 ml of blood was drawn from each student. Serum level of measles IgG was measured using IBL-America enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kits in the laboratory of the Persian Gulf Research Center for Infectious Diseases. Results: A total of 90 students with a mean age of 25±3.2 years were included. All students had a history of one shot of measles vaccination. The positivity rate of measles antibody was found 48.9% (44 cases) while 12.2% (11 cases) had borderline titers and 35 (38.9%) were reported negative. No relationship was observed between positivity of measles antibody and the variables of age, sex and duration of working in hospital. Conclusion: This study demonstrates more than one-third of medical students were at risk of measles, which mandates periodic surveillance and revaccination of susceptible healthcare workers. Furthermore, adequate respiratory precautions should be taken when visiting patients with febrile exanthema and cough.}, Keywords = {Measles, Medical students, Immunity, Vaccination}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {220-227}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-929-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-929-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rezaeianpour, Sedegheh and Mosayebnia, Mona and HajiaghaBozorgi, Atefeh and Moghimi, Abolghasem and Balalaie, saeed and Shahhosseini, Soray}, title = {Design, Synthesis and Radiolabeling of Peptide GPRPILE with 18FDG as Fibrin Imaging Agent for Thrombosis Detection}, abstract ={Background: The radionuclide of choice for routine clinical PET imaging is 18-F. As direct fluorination of peptides with 18-F is not possible, indirect methods using fluorinated prosthetic groups have been developed. Due to the availability of 18FDG in most PET centers, there is potential for 18FDG as a fluorinated prosthetic group. In this study, the linear peptide GPRPILE with an aminooxy group was designed, synthesized and radiolabeled with 18FDG as fibrin imaging agent. Material and Methods: Docking studies were conducted done using AutoDock 4.1 and HEX software programs. Aoe-GPRPILE peptide was designed, synthesized through Fmoc method and radiolabeled with 18FDG. The radiochemical purity, stability of radiolabeled and cold peptide in PBS and human plasma was determined using chromatographic methods. The solubility ratio of the radiolabeled peptide in lipid to water (LogP) was determined. Results: Docking and pharmacophore studies using HEX software revealed high affinity of designed peptide to fibrin (E Total=-0.01). The identity and structure of peptide were determined by LC-Mass. Peptide was stable over 24 hr in human plasma and PBS buffer. The optimum conditions of radiolabeling were 0.2 mg peptide, 1 mCi 18FDG, 90°C for 30 min, pH=5. The radiochemical purity was over 95%. The stability of radiolabeled peptide in human plasma for 2 hr was over 95%. The partition coefficient (LogP) was 1.5. Conclusion: 18FDG has a high potential to be used as a prosthetic group for radiolabeling of peptides with 18-F. In this study, peptide Aoe-GPRPILE with aminooxy was synthesized and labeled with 18FDG with high yield and radiochemical purity. Aminooxy is conjugated to peptide sequence as a prosthetic group in the last step with minimal effect on peptide properties and selectively forms stable oxime bond with the aldehyde group of 18FDG.}, Keywords = {Thrombosis, Radiolabeling with 18FDG, Peptide, fibrin}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {228-241}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-930-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-930-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Faroughi, Fershteh and SalehiBarough, Mehdi}, title = {Effects of Gamma Radiation on Plasma Levels of Cu and Mn in Nuclear Medicine Staff}, abstract ={Background: Copper and manganese play antioxidative roles in cells. Since gamma radiation is frequently used at medical imaging centers, we evaluated possible changes in serum levels of copper and manganese among nuclear medicine staff. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 nuclear medicine staff and 10 individuals as the control group. Blood samples of 20 ml were collected and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 7 min to separate the sera for measuring copper and manganese through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAA) with graphite furnace. Results: The mean of copper concentration in the control group (93.85±25.33) was a bit higher than that in the irradiated group (85.6±21.66); however, this difference was not significant (p=0.32). A positive linear correlation was observed between exposure time and the reduced level of copper; however, this relationship was not statistically significant (p=0.05). An insignificant difference was observed in the mean of manganese concentration between the two groups and its relationship with exposure time. Conclusion: Reduced copper level can be considered as one of the possible mechanisms for gamma radiation effect on cells, which may be associated with oxidative damage. However, it needs further studies.  }, Keywords = {Gamma radiation, serum, copper, manganese}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {242-252}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-931-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-931-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kashkooli, Faramarz and Khormaei, Farhad and Yousefi, Farideh and Fouladchang, Mahbobeh}, title = {Role of Temperament and Emotional Security in Academic Destructive Behaviors of Secondary School Students}, abstract ={Background: Academic destructive behaviors are influenced by multiple factors such as the temperament and emotional security. This study aimed to describe academic destructive behaviors based on temperament and emotional security. Materials and methods: This correlative study recruited a sample of 503 students, selected through random stratified multi-stage sampling. The  statistical population included all secondary school students in Bushehr city. Data were collected using Temperament Inventory, Emotional Security in the Family System Inventory and Academic Destructive Behaviors Scale. Data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) using the Amos 22 software and SPSS 21. Results: Results showed a meaningful relationship between the variable of temperamental traits and both academic destructive behaviors (β= -0.36, P< 0.001) and the emotional security (β=0.52, P< 0.001). There was also a direct meaningful relationship between the variable of emotional security and academic destructive behaviors (β= -0.59, P< 0.001). Besides, the temperamental traits, indirectly and through the mediation of emotional security, showed a significant relationship with academic destructive behaviors (β=- 0.31, P< 0.001). Conclusion: Given the findings of the present study, it is suggested that temperament and emotional security be addressed in planning for education, training and mental health programs.  }, Keywords = {Temperament, Emotional Security, Negligence, Law Breaking, Conflict Disobedience, Dishonesty}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {253-266}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-932-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-932-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nabipour, Iraj and Gorgin, Ameneh and Motamedi, Nilofar and Hajian, Najmeh and Chashmpoosh, Mostafa and Kooshesh, Faramarz and Movahed, Ali}, title = {The Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Level of Adiponectin and Leptin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients}, abstract ={Background: Resveratrol (RSV), one of the most effective natural polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants, has antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-insulin-resistance properties. Some studies suggest that the mechanism of action of RSV is mainly mediated by the deacetylase Sirt1. However, other studies have shown that RSV plays its role through other metabolic routes such as its stimulatory effect on the secretion of adiponectin. Adiponectin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of insu-lin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. In addition, RSV can control obesity by preventing the develop-ment of central leptin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RSV on blood concentration of adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial recruited 51 patients with type II diabetes from a previous study. Patients’ demographics and medical history were recorded in an inter-view. The intervention group received 500 mg RSV capsules twice a day for 45 days while the control group received identical placebo capsules. Blood pressure, weight, BMI, lipid profile, blood levels of adi-ponectin, leptin and liver function tests were measured at baseline. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test in SPSS 18. Results: There were no differences in the concentration of adiponectin and leptin between the two groups. However, Mann-Whitney test revealed a difference in the concentration of leptin between intervention and control groups (p= 0.025). That is, the blood level of leptin was significantly more in the intervention group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that supplementation of 1 g per day of RSV for 45 days has no effect on the blood level of adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.}, Keywords = {Resveratrol, leptin, adiponectin, type II diabetes}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {267-275}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-937-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-937-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Noorabadi, Ghazal and Siyavashi, Mozhgan and Vahdat, Katayon and Gharibi, Omid and Mahmudpour, Mehdi and Haghighi, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Presence of Shiga Toxin Gene in Clinical Iso-lates of Shigella Species from the Past to Present in Bushehr, Iran}, abstract ={Background: The Shiga cytotoxin (Stx) is involved in serious human intestinal diseases. Recently stx has been found in non-S dysenteriae1 Shigella species. This study aimed to identify stx gene in clinical strains of Shigella isolated from two shigellosis outbreaks in previous years in Bushehr, southwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: Purified DNA of 143 Shigella isolates was used for PCR to detect stx and ipaH genes. The number of PCR products in various Shigella species isolates was sequenced with the same primers (evt) used to amplify this region. Results: Fourteen (22.3%) out of 63 shigella isolates related to previous shigellosis outbreaks during 2002-2004 contained the PCR positive result with evt primers. The sequencing results indicated that the evt PCR product had the most identity (97%) with Shigella dysentery shiga toxin subunit A. All clinical shigella strains isolated during 2013-2015 yielded PCR negative results with primers stx and evt. PCR results revealed that ipaH was present in all isolates. According to biochemical and species-specific antiserum tests, the stx gene harboring isolates included 9 (14.3%) S. flexneri, 4 (6.4%) S. sonnei, and 1(1.6%) S. boydii. Conclusion: The stx gene has already been distributed in different Shigella species of Bushehr region. However, the absence of this gene in the clinical isolates of recent shigellosis outbreaks may be temporary. Because stx gene increases the pathogenic potential of Shigella, it is necessary to monitor the prevalence of the stx harboring Shigella species by molecular methods in the future.}, Keywords = {Shigella species, Shiga-toxin, Stx gene, PCR}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {276-286}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-938-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-938-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Razeah and Osfouri, Shahriyar and Azin, Rez}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles from Cuttlebone (sepia pharaonis) of Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Background: Cuttlebone is composed mostly of CaCO3 and chitin, and can be used as a natural source of CaCO3 nanoparticle production. Materials and Methods: In this study, ball milling and dispersion of initial powder in a surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution were used to produce CaCO3 nanoparticles from cuttlebone (Sepia pharaonis) of the Persian Gulf. Then, the results of the two methods were compared. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used to characterize particles. Results: The results showed that two hours grinding of the initial powder produced nanoparticles of 44 nm diameter. Moreover, increasing the grinding time had a direct effect on reducing the size of the nanoparticles. The obtained results from dispersion of initial powder in surfactant aqueous solution indicated the great result of nanoparticles of 40 nm diameter. Conclusion: The capability of cuttlebone powder (Sepia pharaonis) of the Persian Gulf to produce nanoparticles in a process characterized with low energy consumption and low processing time suggests that it may be used at industrial scale for the synthesis of biocompatible nanoparticles.    }, Keywords = {Cuttlebone, Sepia pharaonis, CaCO3, Nanoparticles, Persian Gulf.}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {287-296}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-939-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-939-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {jafarzadeh, Sadegh}, title = {Comparison of Signal to Noise Ratio in Distor-tion Product Otoacoustic Emission between Human and Rat}, abstract ={Background: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions evaluate the function of outer hair cells in the cochlea. The present study aimed to compare distortion product otoacoustic emissions between normal hearing adult human and rat to better understand their differences. Materials and Methods: In this study, signal to noise ratio of distortion product otoacoustic emissions was evaluated and the results of normal hearing persons (n=60) and rats (n=30) were evaluated in similar conditions at of 2, 3, 4, and 5 KHz. Results: The difference between the two groups was significant in most frequencies except 3 KHz. In rats, a higher signal to noise ratio was observed at 4 and 5 KHz and a lower ratio at 2 KHz. There was no significant difference among different frequencies in human samples. Conclusion: Significant differences in distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the two groups may demonstrate the different mechanisms for cochlear function in human and rat. This result may indicate the need for extra cautions in using rats as an animal model.   }, Keywords = {DPOAE, normal hearing, human, rat.}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {297-303}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bakhtiari, Marzeah and Kaviani, Saeed and Abroon, Saeed and Moallemi, Maryam and JalaeiKho, Has}, title = {Amniotic Fluid that Supports the Growth of Plasma Cells}, abstract ={Background: Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell carcinoma, whose development depends on the interaction between malignant plasma cells and the microenvironment that is regulated by the receptors. Although the initial adhesion of the cells, resistance to apoptosis, and increased secretion of cytokines and growth factors contribute to the survival, growth and proliferation of myeloma cells, maintaining lung cells in the laboratory is not easy and faces certain challenges. Since conducting research on myeloma requires optimizing and maintaining their culture conditions in vitro, it appears that amniotic fluid can promote the culture of these cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: Myeloma cells were isolated from six patients by MACS technique. Cells were cultured in media containing RPMI with 10% FBS (active and inactive) and 10%, 25%, 50% amniotic fluid (active and passive) for 2 weeks. Cell survival was measured every other day using trypan blue staining during these two weeks. Next, the expression of proliferation genes (BCL-2), implantation genes (CXCR4) and cell cycle stop genes (P21, P27) were studied using qualitative PCR technique. Results: The results showed that the medium containing 25% passive amniotic fluid and 10% inactive FBS significantly increased the proliferation of myeloma cells, and on day zero (on the day of isolation) all of these genes were expressed. Furthermore, on the fourth day of cultivation, in all groups, BCL-2 and CXCR4 genes were expressed, while P21 and P27 genes were not. This difference could indicate the effect of amniotic fluid on the growth and proliferation of the myeloma cells. Conclusion: According to the results, the use of a medium containing 25% inactive amniotic fluid plus a base medium that contains active RPMI and FBS 10% is recommended for the culture of myeloma cells.  }, Keywords = {Amniotic fluid, Multiple myeloma, Plasma cell, Proliferation}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {304-318}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-941-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-941-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Farhadi, Akram and Noroozian, Maryam and Mohammadi, Farahnaz and Foroughan, Mahshid and Rassouli, Maryam and Sadeghmoghadam, Liela and Nazari, Shim}, title = {Positive Experiences of Caregiving in Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia: a Content Analysis Study}, abstract ={Background: The growing trend of aging population and age-related diseases, such as dementia, stresses the importance of addressing caregiving. One of the notable issues in this area is the positive appraisal of caregivers of their cares, therefore, the present study aimed to explain the positive experiences of family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Iran. Materials and methods: This qualitative study used conventional content analysis approach. Twelve family caregivers of older adults with dementia were selected through purposeful sampling from among those attending Memory Clinic of Yadman and Alzheimer's Association of Iran in Tehran. and participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection. Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of three main categories of satisfaction with care, personal growth and caregiving gains along with nine subcategories, which show the positive appraisal of caregivers of their caregiving. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, although the results of our study are somewhat similar to those of the western studies, the appraisal of family caregivers of their care has unique dimensions specific to Iranian culture. These positive appraisals can be used to design specific interventions to reduce the negative outcomes of caregiving.}, Keywords = {Family caregiving, Older adult, Dementia, Caregiving appraisal, Content analysis}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {319-334}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-942-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-942-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Alimohammadian, Mohammad Hose}, title = {Cutaneous leishmaniasis and Attempts to Con-trol it in the Contemporary Iranian History}, abstract ={Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by two species of Leishmania major and L. tropica in Iran. The disease has been known and treated in Iran by many of the most prominent Iranian physicians including Avicenna and Rhazess over the past centuries. In Qajar era, following the introduction of modern medical knowledge, and major changes in our understanding of diseases, the diagnostic and treatment methods were changed. The first new reports on this disease were provided by European physicians living in Iran. During the 1940s, some prominent Iranian researchers began to study the epidemiology, treatment and laboratory specification of the disease in different parts of the country. Due to the outbreak of the disease during the Iraq-Iran war in a dense human population (soldiers), health authorities had to try different ways to control the disease. Most importantly, soldiers were injected with live parasite vaccine. However, this procedure did not continue after the war, and immunization with inactivated vaccine replaced it and passed different phases of clinical trials. Finally, these studies were published as scientific papers. The present paper summarizes the history and control of leishmaniasis in Iran.}, Keywords = {Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmanization, Inactivated vaccine, Leishmania major}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {335-352}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-943-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-943-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Elyaspour, Zahra and Akbarzadeh, Samad and Iranpour, Darush and Bargahei, Afshar and Motemed, Nilofar and Hajian, Najmeh and Ghasemi, Khadejeh and Movahed, Ali}, title = {Relationship of Serum Levels of Vitamin K2 and Osteocalcin with Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries}, abstract ={Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of serum levels of vitamin K2 and osteocalcin with coronary artery plaques in people undergoing angiography. Materials and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 138 people presenting to Bushehr Heart Center for routine examination. Demographic information of the participants was registered in a standard questionnaire. Before undergoing angiography, 10 ml blood was collected from all the participants and stored at – 80 ˚C until the analysis. After the angiography, those who were found to be normal entered the control group, and those with one or more arteries blocked were placed in the case group. Finally, serum levels of vitamin K2 and osteocalcin were measured in all the samples using ELISA kits. Results: Serum levels of osteocalcin in the case group were significantly higher than those of the control (P=0.019). There was no difference in K2 levels between the two groups (P=0.84). Moreover, no relationship was found between the osteocalcin levels and the number of blocked arteries and the severity of atherosclerosis (P=0.95). By adjusting age and type 2 diabetes in both groups, a difference was observed in the concentration of osteaocalcin and coronary artery atherosclerosis (P=0.034). Conclusion: Our results showed that a significant relationship exists between increased concentration of serum osteocalcin and coronary artery atherosclerosis. However, no such a relationship was observed between the serum levels of K2 and atherosclerotic arteries.}, Keywords = {Osteocalcin, vitamin K2, atherosclerotic coronary arteries, angiography}, volume = {21}, Number = {5}, pages = {353-361}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ketabchi, Farzaneh and Sepehrinezhad, Ali}, title = {The Role of Estradiol in Pulmonary Hemodynamics during Ventilation with Hypoxic Gas in Female Rats Subjected to Cirrhosis}, abstract ={Background: Liver diseases may lead to a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders with a high incidence in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of liver damage and ovariectomy with or without estradiol on pulmonary hemodynamics during ventilation of animals with normoxia and hypoxia gas. Materials and Methods: Forty Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into four groups of ovariectomy (OVX); ovariectomy with a daily injection of sesame oil, a solvent of estradiol (OVX+Oil); bile duct ligation with ovariectomy (CBDL+OVX) and associated with estradiol (CBDL+OVX+E2). After 28 days of the first surgery, animals were anesthetized. Tail blood samples were taken to measure liver enzymes, estradiol and NO metabolites. Animals were tracheostomized and femoral vessels were cannulated. Then, arterial pressure and right ventricular systolic pressure were recorded during mechanical ventilation with normoxic and hypoxia gas (10% oxygen). Results: AST, AST/ALT ratio, direct and total bilirubins, and estradiol in the CBDL+OVX and CBDL+OVX+E2 groups were significantly higher than those in the OVX group, and they were higher in the CBDL+OVX+E2 group than those in the CBDL+OVX group. Ventilation of animals with hypoxia gas resulted in an increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) only in the OVX group compared to its own base values. The plasma concentration of NO metabolites in the CBDL+OVX+E2 group was significantly higher than that in other groups. Conclusion: Estradiol worsen the liver disorders. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia gas is disrupted in liver disorders, which may be partly linked to the effect of estradiol and NO productions.  }, Keywords = {RVSP, CBDL, Estradiol, NO, Hypoxia}, volume = {21}, Number = {5}, pages = {362-373}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-956-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-956-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, Fatemeh and KalantarHormozi, Mohammadreza and Nabipour, Iraj and Hajian, Najmeh and Rahimi, Rahimeh and Ghasemi, Khadejeh}, title = {Effects of Short Term Resveratrol Supplementation on Thyroid Function in Pa-tients with Type 2 Diabetes}, abstract ={Background: Resveratrol is one of the most effective natural polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants and its beneficial effects on glycemic control have been reported. Considering the prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetic patientsذثدثبهزهشم ثببثزفس خب فاهس یقعل.ompounds and the effect of resveratrol on metabolic pathway through Sirtuin1 receptors and its ability to change iodine absorption in thyroid gland, it is suspected that this compound might influence thyroid function and possible have goitrogenic effects. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 50 subjects with type II diabetes in an intervention and a control group. Patients received 500 mg resveratrol capsules twice a day for 45 days and subjects in the control group received equivalent placebo capsules. Thyroid function tests including T3, T4, TSH and T3RU and anti TPO were checked just before the study and after 45 days. Results: Regarding past history and clinical and biochemical parameters including BMI, blood pressure and glycemic control, there was almost no significant difference between the two groups. Anti TPO levels did not significantly change between the two groups during the study. Finally changes between the two groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, which concluded significant changes only in T4 levels between the two groups during the course of the study.   Conclusion: We can conclude that taking resveratrol 1 gr a day for 45 days as a supplementary for lowering blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes does not cause goitrogenic effects. Further studies are suggested on resveratrol effects on thyroid function in humans with different doses and durations. Moreover, it is suggested that subjects with known thyroid disease with existing underlying pathology be studied to better understand its effects on thyroid function.}, Keywords = {Resveratrol, Type II diabetes, thyroid function, Thyroid hormone}, volume = {21}, Number = {5}, pages = {374-382}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Zahra and Bahador, Abbas and Azimzadeh, Masoud and Haghighi, Mohammadali}, title = {PCR Identification of Escherichia coli Isolated from Bushehr Coastal Water}, abstract ={Background: Standard methods of identification have not been able to solve all issues concerning E. coli. With the development of genomic studies, PCR appears promising to deal with the shortcomings. This study aimed to utilize PCR with specific primers for lacZ, uidA, cyd, and lacY gene segments to identify environmental E. coli isolates. Materials and methods: PCR and the aforementioned four primers were used for molecular identification of E. coli on purified genome DNA from 120 environmental E. coli isolates, standard strains of Shigella, and Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli strain as controls. All environmental E. coli isolates were isolated from Bushehr coastal areas and identified in a previous study by standard bacteriological methods and then preserved in -70 ˚C for further studies. Results: The primers successfully showed their ability to identify the targets in environmental isolates and standard strains. It is shown that the four PCR fragments related to lacZ, uidA, cyd, and lacY genes were observed only for E. coli isolates and strains. Conclusion: PCR method proved capable to distinguish E. coli from Shigella as the most phylogenetically related genus and contrary to the classical methods, it could detect enterohaemorrhagic strains as Escherichia coli.}, Keywords = {Escherichia coli. Indicator microorganism, Molecular identification, Polymerase Chain Reaction}, volume = {21}, Number = {5}, pages = {383-392}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-958-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-958-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghaedi, Hosein and Nasiripour, Amirashkan and Tabibi, Seyed Jamalodi}, title = {Hospital Preparedness in Radiation Crisis in Selected Countries and Developing a Conceptual Model for Iran}, abstract ={Background: Human beings have always suffered from various disasters and their irreparable damage. Man-made crises, including annual radiation crises, cause irreparable risks to various human groups. The most logical way to deal with a potential risk is to be prepared for dealing with critical situations, which requires having scientific and experienced models. The preparedness of hospitals close to nuclear facilities is one of the major concerns of radiation crisis management, and can reduce injuries and damage caused by radiation accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the dimensions of hospital preparedness for dealing with radiation crises and provide a model for Iran. Materials and Methods: This comparative study used library studies. After describing the existing models, a draft model was developed and analyzed after reviewing the recommended policies of the World Health Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency and considering the views of an expert panel on the final model. Results: Our findings indicated that the most important factor in the success of crisis management is the prediction and preparation of necessary measures and preparedness to deal with them. In this regard, different countries have different approaches to managing radiation crisis. Accordingly, the indicators of international organizations in the field of crisis management were used to identify the following as dimensions of hospital preparedness in radiation crisis: manpower, equipment, physical space, structure and organization, processes and instructions, and coordination in and out pf hospitals. Conclusion: Studies and their analyses have shown that many organizations and countries are using a specific model for dealing with radiation crises. A model developed based on the country’s health system, which has been approved by local practitioners, can be used as a guideline for managers to prevent the consequences of any malicious incident. Hospital preparedness for exposure to radiation crises includes an interconnected network of elements in six areas: manpower, equipment, physical space, structure and organization, processes and instructions, and coordination in and out of hospitals.}, Keywords = {Radiation crisis, Hospital preparedness, Iran, Model}, volume = {21}, Number = {5}, pages = {393-408}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-959-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-959-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aleebrahim, Alireza and Nabipour, Iraj}, title = {Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants in the Kangan- Asaluyeh Area}, abstract ={Background: Ethnopharmacology, as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery, provides valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures. The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants in the Kangan-Asaluyeh area in the north of the Persian Gulf. Material and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 20 local informants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 90 medicinal plants belonging to 42 families were identified. Zataria multiflora, Teucrium polium, Salvia mirzayanii, Pistacia atlantica, Astragalus fasciculifolius, Achillea eriophora DC, Artemisia sieberi, Cassia italic and Haplophyllum tuberculatum had the highest CI and FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal discomforts, infectious diseases, skin diseases, respiratory diseases, and the metabolic disorders, respectively. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the Kangan-Asaluyeh area. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this region are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in the Kangan-Asalouyeh area use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this region. For example, the native people use Zataria multiflora, Teucrium polium, Pistacia atlantica, Artemisia sieberi for gastrointestinal discomfort and abdominal pain. They use Achillea eriophora DC, Haplophyllum tuberculatum for neonatal colic, Zataria multiflora for cough, Astragalus fasciculifolius for fracture, Teucrium polium and Artemisia sieberi for diabetes mellitus and inflammatory diseases, Cassia italic for constipation, Pistacia atlantica for diaper rash and sore throat, Haplophyllium tuberculatum for headache and improving mental health and Achillea eriophora DC for jaundice. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.}, Keywords = {Ethnopharmacology, traditional medicine, medicinal plants, Bushehr}, volume = {21}, Number = {5}, pages = {409-428}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-960-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-960-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shokrolahi, Faezeh and Aliasgari, Elahe and Mirzaie, Amir}, title = {Cytotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Colon Cancer Cell Line (HT29) and Analysis of Caspase-3 and 9 Gene Expression Using Real Time PCR and Flow Cytometry}, abstract ={Background: Today, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles present extensive therapeutic applications. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of TiO2 on colon cancer cell line (HT29), and analyze the expression of caspase-3 and 9 genes. Materials and Methods: The present experimental study used the MTT assay to examine the cytotoxicity of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles on cell line HT29. After the treatment of HT29 cells with IC50 concentration of TiO2, the gene expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were investigated and compared with the reference gene of GAPDH using real time PCR. DAPI staining and flow cytometry were ultimately used to confirm apoptosis in HT29 cells.  Results: The treatment of HT29 cells with different concentrations of TiO2 showed that TiO2 nanoparticles at 50 and 100 µg/ml concentrations present the highest cytotoxicity, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of caspase-3 gene was found to be significantly upregulated by 2.0±69.13 (P<0.001) and that of caspase-9 gene by 3.0±46.29 (P<0.001) in HT29 cell lines treated with TiO2 nanoparticles for 24 hours. The results of DAPI staining and flow cytometry also confirmed apoptosis in HT29 cells.   Conclusion: According to the obtained results, TiO2 nanoparticles can be recommended as prospective medicinal candidates for pharmaceutical purposes, although further studies are required in this field.    }, Keywords = {TiO2 nanoparticle, colon cancer, apoptosis, real time PCR, flow cytometry}, volume = {21}, Number = {6}, pages = {426-438}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-979-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-979-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hatamimanesh, Masoud and Haghshenas, Arash and Mirzaei, Mohsen and Solgi, Easa and MohammadiBardkashki, Behz}, title = {Water Quality Evaluation of the Intertidal Zone of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in Differ-ent Seasons by Measuring the Concentration of Heavy Metals and Using WQI and TRIX}, abstract ={Background: Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) in Bushehr province, Iran is a coastal ecosystem that is severely influenced by industrial and municipal activities. The present study was therefore conducted to monitor the health status of the intertidal zone of this ecosystem in different seasons using the Water Quality Index (WQI), Trophic Index (TRIX) and the concentration of heavy metals, including lead, copper, zinc and iron. Materials and Methods: To assess the desired indicators, 16 stations were selected along the region’s coast, and three samples were taken from each station. The required parameters of each index were then measured using standard methods. Results: Investigating the variations in WQI in different seasons found WQI to be the lowest (WQI=27.89) in winter, suggesting a bad status, followed respectively by summer (WQI=30.63), autumn (WQI=31.42) and spring (WQI=31.77), suggesting a relatively bad situation. The values of TRIX showed that the overall water quality of the intertidal zone is classified as oligotrophic. Moreover, the highest TRIX was associated with winter (TRIX=3.53) and the lowest with autumn (TRIX=1.93). The sequence of the overall mean concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples was also measured as Zn> Fe> Cu> Pb. Conclusion: The obtained findings attribute the high concentration of heavy metals and the low water quality of the coasts in winter to leaching contaminants from industrial, municipal and agricultural activities and the transmission of pollutants by surface currents to the coast of the region.  }, Keywords = {TRIX, WQI, heavy metals, PSEEZ, coastline monitoring}, volume = {21}, Number = {6}, pages = {439-458}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hatami, Gizo and Eghbali, Sayed Sajad and Darki, Asma and Mohebbi, Gholamhosean and Mohebbi, Farahnaz and Motamed, Nilofar}, title = {Serum Levels of Lead in 6-7 Year Old Children in Bushehr in 2012}, abstract ={Background: Children are most vulnerable to lead poisoning compared to other age groups. The present study was conducted to measure the serum levels of lead in 6-7 year old children in Bushehr, Iran in 2012. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 453 children starting primary school were referred to a special laboratory to have their blood samples taken after completing a questionnaire. To measure lead levels, CBC was performed on 283 subjects presenting to the laboratoy, and serum samples were collected from 272 subjects. Results: Lead levels above 5 µg/dl were observed in 34.6% of the children, and lead levels above 10 µg/dl in 8.1%. No significant relationships were observed between lead levels and child’s gender (P=0.73), mother’s education level (P=0.43), father’s education level (P=0.94), BMI (P=0.19), having anemia (P=0.62), having microcytosis (P= 1) and the household paint being oil-based (P=0.62). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of mean IQ (P=0.39), building’s age (P=0.98) and residence duration (P=0.58). Father’s education level was found to be significantly associated with the number of decayed teeth (P=0.005), which was significantly higher in children with lead levels above 10 µg/dl (P=0.037).  Conclusion: A minimum of 12% of children tested have lead levels of at least 10 µg/dl in high-risk areas for lead poisoning. The city of Bushehr is therefore considered a low-risk area for lead poisoning in children; nevertheless, lead levels are recommended to be monitored in children in Bushehr.}, Keywords = {Serum levels of lead, children, risk factor, Iran}, volume = {21}, Number = {6}, pages = {459-471}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-981-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-981-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Pourshafie, Shadi and Izadfard, Zohreh and Jafarzadeh, Sadegh}, title = {The Effect of Vehicle Noise on Hearing Thresholds in Heavy Vehicle Drivers}, abstract ={Background: Noise-induced hearing loss is a common causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Drivers of heavy vehicles such as bus and truck are more exposed to the noise associated with traffic and automobiles than other members of the community, which can damage their auditory system. The present study was conducted to investigate the hearing status of heavy vehicle drivers and its relationship with factors such as age under 40 years, work experience and mean daily working hours. Materials and Methods: The present study examined the level of sensorineural hearing loss in 132 drivers, i.e. 264 ears. The drivers’ details, including age, work experience and mean daily working hours, were first recorded. Every candidate then underwent otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz performed by an audiologist in a sound treated room. The blood pressure of these drivers was also recorded using normal techniques of blood pressure measurement. The drivers with other sensorineural hearing loss factors, including presbycusis at ages over 40 and ototoxicity, were excluded from the study. Results: The drivers’ mean age was found to be 34.0±5.097 years, their mean work experience 11.19±5.158 years and their daily working hours 5-16 hours with a mean of 9.2±56.275 hours. The highest frequency of hearing loss was observed at a frequency of 4000 Hz in about 23% of the drivers, followed the prevalence observed at 8000 Hz. No significant differences were found between hearing thresholds of intra-city and intercity drivers. Moreover, significant relationships were  observed between the level of hearing loss and factors such as age, work experience and the mean daily working hours. Conclusion: Hearing loss was observed in about one quarter of the drivers, suggesting a high frequency of noise-induced hearing loss in drivers despite the elimination of other factors contributing to sensorineural hearing loss.}, Keywords = {Noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, drivers, heavy vehicles}, volume = {21}, Number = {6}, pages = {472-480}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-984-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-984-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Damari, Behzad and Hajebi, Ahmad and Emami, Habib and Zeinaloo, AliAkbar and Vosoughmoghaddam, Abbas and Salarianzadeh, MohammadHosean and Minaee, Farim}, title = {Factors Related to the Health of Employees and Residents of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Camps: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Background: South Pars gas field is the world's largest gas field and the capital of energy in Iran. The oil and gas industry exerts potential effects on the health and culture of its surrounding community. The sustainability requirements of development projects include local participation, human sustainability and social sustainability. The present study was conducted to investigate health-associated challenges and their effective causes and solutions from the perspective of the residents of the camps and the staff of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) as stakeholders and participants in the development projects. Materials and Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on a population comprising two groups, including the staff of the region’s industry and the residents of  camps. Purposive sampling was used to collect data using four methods, including library studies, holding group discussion sessions and surveying the staff, ethnographic observations and focus group discussion. The data were collected from the questions raised and content analysis was performed. Results: Inadequate living facilities and space, insufficient facilities for recreation and exercise, failing to comply with health standards and requirements, addition and psychological illnesses were proposed as the main problems in the region. The solutions proposed by the employees in the region included planning and enforcing its implementation, forcing employers to meet the minimum health standards, financing or attracting investments for recreational and welfare facilities and teaching safety precautions and health points to the residents and employees. Conclusion: The root cause of the problems is mainly operational and structural. Most of the solutions are therefore compulsory, including obligations such as forcing contractors to meet the requirements, changing welfare regulations and following a legally-enforced program.}, Keywords = {PSEEZ, evaluating the social effects, evaluating the health effects, oil and gas industry}, volume = {21}, Number = {6}, pages = {481-492}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-982-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-982-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Bayatmanesh, Habibeh and ZagheriTafreshi, Mansoreh and Manoochehri, Homan and AkbarzadehBaghban, Alirez}, title = {Patient Safety Observation by Nurses Working in the Intensive Care Units of Selected Hospitals Affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background: Patient safety is a major component of healthcare quality that is defined as avoiding, preventing and correcting the damage and undesirable consequences caused by the process of healthcare provision. The likelihood of occurrence of medical errors and untoward events is maximized in intensive care units (ICUs) due to the complexity of patient conditions and treatment process. The present study was conducted to determine the degree to which nurses observe the safety of patients hospitalized in the ICUs of selected hospitals affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study observed 2106 nursing caregivers associated with patient safety who were selected using purposive event-based sampling. The morning shift performance of 54 nurses working in three ICUs of selected hospitals affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran was investigated in winter 2016 using a researcher-made 39-item checklist comprising six subscales. After confirming its reliability and face and content validity using the intraclass correlation coefficient, the checklist was completed by the researcher observing the performance, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings obtained found the mean degree of conformity between nursing care associated to patient safety and the checklist to be 53.43 out of 100 (undesirable). The maximum degree of conformity was associated to blood transfusion subscale with a mean score of 89.52 (desirable), and the lowest was associated to surgical complications with a mean score of 23.3 (undesirable). Conclusion: Nursing care associated to patient safety provided in ICUs is substandard. Healthcare administrators are therefore strongly recommended to conduct regular audits and make efforts to promote care-giving processes, and hospitals authorities are urged to perform reforms and hold consistent training programs to improve the performance of the staff, especially nurses.}, Keywords = {Patient safety, ICU, nursing care, descriptive Study}, volume = {21}, Number = {6}, pages = {493-506}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-983-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-983-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2019} }