2024-03-28T14:24:14+03:30 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=59&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
59-910 2024-03-28 10.1002
Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 Philosophy of Synthetic Biology Iraj Nabipour Inabipour@gmail.com Synthetic biology is a novel branch of biological sciences. With the creation of synthetic microorganisms with minimal genome compatible with life, Craig Venter had provoked hot philosophical discussions about the nature of life. Furthermore, recent advancements in synthetic biology have revived philosophical discussions about hybrid entities “synthetic organisms” and “living machines” and fundamental differences between biological machines and the living world. This paper is a critical analysis of the philosophical perspective on the design of synthetic organisms, minimal genome and artificial life. It also presents a critical view on knowledge-making practices in synthetic biology on Richard Feynman’s statement: “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”     Synthetic biology Biological systems Minimal life Artificial life Philosophy Synthetic organisms 2018 4 01 1 18 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.1
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Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 Codon 72 Polymorphism of TP53 Gene in Cervical Biopsies with Abnormal Histology in Bushehr Province Marzeah Zaker Hosseini Sirous Naeimi Maryam Moradinasab Sakeneh Taherkhani Fatemeh Farshadpour Akram Ansarifar Reza Taherkhani taherkhanireza2005@yahoo.com Background: TP53 tumor suppressor gene plays a role in repairing DNA damage as well as in cell apoptosis. This study was conducted to compare codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene between abnormal cervical tissue samples and samples of healthy women as a control group. In addition the frequency of human herpes simplex viruses (HSV) in these samples was determined. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 biopsies of the cervix with abnormal pathology were examined from archives of the Department of Pathology at Shohadaye Khalij Fars Hospital, and 164 healthy women were selected as the control group. PCR test was used for detection of HSV, and Allele-specific PCR was used for analyzing codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene. Data was analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Distribution of codon 72 of TP53 genotypes in patient and control groups was not statistically significant. Evaluation of the frequency of arginine and proline alleles in the patient and control groups revealed that fewer patients were without proline allele (19%) compared to the control (30.1%), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.04), (OR: 1.03-3.36، CI 95%=1.86). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between TP53 genotype and variables of the pathology report, age, ethnicity and place of residence. In this study, HSV was not detected in the samples. Conclusion: Because of the significant difference in proline allele between the case and control groups, it appears that this allele is associated with the abnormal cervical pathology results in Bushehr Province.   Polymorphism TP53 gene Herpes simplex virus Allele-specific PCR 2018 4 01 19 28 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.19
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Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 CFL1 Gene Expression in the Intestinal Samples of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in East Azarbaijan Population S.Saeadeh Daryabari Reza Safaralizadeh safaralizadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir Mohammad Ali Hosseinpour Feizi Yaghob Moaddab Rehaneh Ravanbakhsh Gavgani Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death around the world. Northern areas of Iran from northwest to northeast have a high risk of this cancer. Genetic mutations and changes in expression level are the most effective factors in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. CFL1 is one of the genes affected by changes in expression level. CFL1 is isoform of the ADF/cofilin protein family. The protein encoded by this gene can polymerize and depolymerize F-actin and G-actin in a pH-dependent manner. In this research, we studied the expression of this gene in intestinal samples of gastric adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods: In this study, mRNA was extracted from the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma of 26 biopsy samples. Next, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure gene expression  after cDNA synthesis. Results: The rate of CFL1 gene expression in tumor samples significantly increased compared with healthy tumor margins (p<0.05). Furthermore, the biomarker index for CFL1 was obtained 0.88. Conclusion: This gene can be used as a biomarker in gastric cancer. Overall, the results of this study showed that the expression of CFL1 has a significant association with the nature of cancer tumors. This implies that CFL1 has a high potential as a novel target for gene therapies in gastric cancer.       Stomach Neoplasm Adenocarcinoma CFL1 2018 4 01 29 39 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.29
59-913 2024-03-28 10.1002
Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 The Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Visual Learning, Memory and Anatomical Structures of the Brain in Male Rhesus Monkeys Elahe Tekieh Masomeh Kazemi Hasan Tavakoli Mehdi Saberi Hosean Ghanaati Mostafa Hajinasrollah Maryam Salehi Hamed Aliyary Hedayat Sahraei hsahrei1343@gmail.com Background: Humans in modern societies are exposed to substantially elevated levels of electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions with different frequencies. The neurobiological effects of EMF have been the subject of debate and intensive research over the past few decades. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of EMF on visual learning and anatomical dimensions of the hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) in male Rhesus monkeys. Materials and Methods: In this study, four rhesus monkeys of Macaca mulatta species were irradiated by 0.7 microtesla ELF-EMF either at 5 or 30 Hz, 4 h a day, for 30 days. Alterations in visual learning and memory were assessed before and after irradiation phase by using a box designed for challenging animals for gaining rewards. Furthermore, the monkeys’ brains were scanned by MRI technique one week before and one week after irradiation. The monkeys were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (10–20 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.2–0.4 mg/kg), and scanned with a 3-Tesla Magnetom, in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using T2 weighted protocol with a slice thickness of 3 mm. The anatomical changes of hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) were measured by volumetric study. Results: Electromagnetic field exposure at a frequency of 30 Hz reduced the number of correct responses in the learning process and delayed memory formation in the two tested monkeys. Meanwhile, ELF-EMF at 5 Hz had no effect on the visual learning and memory changes. No anatomical changes were observed in the prefrontal area and the hippocampus at both frequencies. Conclusion: ELF-EMF irradiation at 30 Hz adversely affected visual learning and memory, probably through factors other than changes in brain structure and anatomy. electromagnetic field hippocampus prefrontal area macaca mulatta monkey visual learning 2018 4 01 40 53 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.40
59-914 2024-03-28 10.1002
Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors in Comparison with Pathology Results Lila Aghaghazvini aghaghazvini.leila@gmail.com Hashem Sharifian Sirous Omidi Nasrin Yazdani Soheal Kooraki Background: Differentiation between benign and malignant parotid tumors before surgery is important because it can change the treatment plan for patients. We evaluated the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for differentiating benign from malignant parotid tumors. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with salivary gland tumor especially parotid, who were candidate for surgery, were enrolled. Patients were selected in Amiralam Hospital and underwent MRI in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at 135 and 270 time of echo (TE), and the choline/creatine ratio was determined. The cytological results were used to divide the patients into warthin, benign and malignant groups and ROC curves were used to determine the best cut off points. Results: Forty patients entered this study, 25 had benign non-warthin tumors, nine had malignant tumors and six had warthin tumors. TE:136 was stronger for differentiating benign from malignant tumors. The best cutoff point for choline/creatine ratio was 1.92 in TE:136 with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% and 1.76 in TE:270 with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 71%.  Choline/creatine ratio <1.25 can rule out malignancy with a sensitivity of 92% and ratio > 1.76 strongly suggests malignancy with a specificity of 10%. MRS was not able to differentiate benign non-warthin from warthin tumors. Conclusion: According to the present study, choline/creatine ratio in MRS is a noninvasive method that can be used for differentiating benign from malignant tumors.   Tumor salivary gland magnetic resonance spectroscopy malignant benign parotid 2018 4 01 54 64 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.54
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Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 Classification of White Blood Cells Using Convolutional Neural Network Amin Edraki AbolHassan Razminia razminia@pgu.ac.ir Background: Observing, categorizing and counting various types of white blood cells in a blood sample is one of the most important steps in the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to develop a fast and reliable system based on processing microscopic images of blood samples for classifying four types of white blood cells. Materials and Methods: The modified k-means clustering method was used to perform image segmentation. Furthermore, white blood cells were classified using a deep convolutional neural network with the help of data in the MISP database, a free database composed of microscopic blood sample images. Moreover, several regularization techniques such as dropout and image augmentation were applied to prevent overfitting of the network. Results: The classification accuracy of the neural network was found to be 99%, which is more successful than many earlier studies. In the segmentation section, the cross-reference index was 0.73. Conclusion: The results of this research show that processing the microscopic images of the blood sample can help develop rapid and reliable systems using different methods of image processing and machine learning. Image segmentation image classification deep neural networks microscopic images of blood samples white blood cell convolutional neural network 2018 4 01 65 80 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.65
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Iranian South Medical Journal Iran South Med J 1735-4374 1735-6954 10.52547/ismj 2018 21 1 The Effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model on Improving the Weight and Body Size Among Women Undergoing Bariatric Surgery Sadrollah Khosravi Masoud Amini Hamid Poursharifi Zahra Sobhani zahrasobhani120@yahoo.com Lila Sadeghian Background: Given the highly increasing weight in individuals and its complications in different societies, as well as the advances in bariatric surgery techniques, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions to reduce postoperative complications and to increase their positive outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all obese women undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Shiraz Ghadir Mother-Child Subspecialty Hospital in fall and winter 2016. Convenience sampling was used to select 30 women, who were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The data were collected with a scale and stadiometer, tape measure, and a demographic questionnaire for each group in two steps (pre-test and post-test). IMB model was implemented for the experimental group for four weeks (a 1.5 hour session per week) in the hospital’s Obesity Clinic. Data were analyzed in SPSS19 software using MANCOVA at the significance level of P <0.05. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that IMB model had a significant effect on improving weight and body size in obese women undergoing bariatric surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that Information Motivation Behavioral model can be effective on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery.   IMB model weight body size bariatric surgery 2018 4 01 81 91 http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.pdf 10.29252/ismj.21.1.81