@article{ author = {Ahmadi, Katayoun and Soleimani, Masoud and Kaviani, Saeid and Arefian, Ehsan and Fallah, Parviz}, title = {Effect of overexpression of miR-29b1 on induction of apoptosis in leukemic HL60 cell line}, abstract ={Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding regulatory molecules that are involved in diverse biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Down regulation of miR-29b1 has been found in some of cancers that indicate important roles of this molecule in histological development and cancer. Whereas induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is important for their therapy, in this study, our goal was to examine the effect of miR-29b1 over-expression on apoptosis using the lentiviral structure in HL60 cell line. Materials and methods: Permanent overexpression of miR-29b1 was established using a lentiviral vector construct containing the precursor of miR-29b1 sequence. Then, HL60 cells treated by miR-29b1 lentivirus. 48 and 72 hours after transduction, cell proliferation inhibition was estimated by MTT assay. Detection of apoptotic cells was evaluated by EtBr/AO double staining technique and flow cytometry using Annexin V and Caspase-3 activity was measured by caspase-3 colorimetric activity assay. Results: Data analysis was done with SPSS 13 softwer and t-test. According to our results, overexpression of miR-29b1 led to increase apoptosis. As apoptosis in the test group compared with the control group showed about 3-fold increase. Data analysis showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to findings of present study, miR-29b1 can induce apoptosis in HL60 cell line. Apoptosis stimulation by miRNAs is probably one of the best and applicable ways to induce death in cancer cells. These data support a tumor suppressor role of miR-29b1, synthetic miR-29b1 might be used as a novel epigenetic therapy in future.}, Keywords = {microRNA, miR-29b1, Apoptosis, HL60, lentiviral vector}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {243-253}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-536-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-536-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Monfaredan, Amir and Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mahmood and KarimianFathi, Nahideh and Rezamand, Azim}, title = {MLL-AF4 fusion transcripts in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia patientsin Children hospital of Tabriz}, abstract ={Background: MLL-AF4 positive Leukemias comprise about 50-70% of acute lymphoid leukemias in children and about 5% of adolescents and adults Despite recent advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies of children with ALL in particular, but it seems that poor results are obtained from treating this type of malignancy. Perhaps it is due to the lack of enough knowledge about the expression pattern of the fusion gene induced by chromosomal translocations. This study aims to consider several aspects of the common chromosomal disorder, t (4 11): due to lack of accurate statistical results for this type of translocation in our country, acceptable results are provided Sprevalence of isoforms of recombinant genes involved in MLL-AF4 are explained. Materials and methods: Of 36 patients with ALL between 4 months -11 years of age, peripheral blood sampling was done and total RNA extracted and cDNA was made. Then cDNA was amplified in two steps with the PCR and Nested PCR reactions. After electrophoresis the products were compared and analyzed in comparison with the internal control. Results: The results showed that MLL-AF4 recombinant gene expression in the age between 4 to 12 months range is maximum in the second stage by Nested PCR. Also the highest frequency of fusion isoforms of the gene involved in the same age range is e11-e4 isoform with the frequency of 0.13. Conclusion: It seems that investigation of translocation and chromosomal abnormalities using molecular techniques is one of the most accurate and suitable methods for identifying chromosomal characteristics in patients with acute leukemia, particularly ALL.}, Keywords = {Pediatric ALL, MLL-AF4 fusion gene, Nested PCR}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {254-262}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-537-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-537-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Pirayandeh, Mina and Nazari, Razieh and Zolfaghari, Mohammad Reza and Arjmandzadegan, Mohammad and Ahmadi, Azam and shojapoor, Mana and Rajabi, Farib}, title = {Evaluation of conservation in carD sequence’s gene and its application in rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis}, abstract ={Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth rate is closely coupled to rRNA transcription which is regulated through CarD gene. The aim of this work was evaluation of conservation in CarD gene’s sequence and its application in rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: 38 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis with different types of drug resistance were selected. PCR conditions and annealing temperature were selected by calculating thermal denaturation. Electrophoreses confirmed the presence of the amplified gene. Purified PCR product was sequenced by sequencer. Results: The size of amplified fragment of CarD gene was similar in all samples. By translation of nucleotide mode to amino acids it was found that TRCF domain in N-terminal of protein CarD was e fully conserved. Conclusion: This is the first study on the CarD gene in clinical isolates of MTB. This gene is recommended for use as a target for designing of suitable inhibitors as anti tuberculosis drug because of its importance in life of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and being a conservative gene.}, Keywords = {Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CarD gene, sequence}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {263-271}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-538-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-538-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Khadijeh and FarajzadehSheikh, Ahmad and Mardaneh, Jalal and Modarresi, Farzan and Shoja, Saei}, title = {Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in neonatal sepsis by PCR on 16S ribosomal RNA}, abstract ={Background: Enterobacter sakazakii is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, straight rod-shaped bacterium that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is also considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen, responsible of cases of neonatal infections including sepsis, meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis ad bacteremia. The goal of this study was detection of Enterobacter salazakii in neonates with sepsis by PCR on 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 405 blood specimens that were taken from hospitalized neonates suspected to sepsis in Ahvaz Abuzar Hospital in 2011. From each neonate 0.5 ml blood sample was taken and placed in CBC tubes containing EDTA at -200C for polymerase chain reaction. For detection of Enterobacter sakazakii, PCR was performed on DNA for amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Results: In all 405 neonates blood samples’ PCR reactions for Enterobacter sakazakii 16S ribosomal RNA gene were negative. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus agalactiae in 8 (1.4 %) patients. Conclusion: Because Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen with high pathogenicity power, more investigation on high risk groups is required. For detection of infection caused by this organism using of different diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity is necessary.}, Keywords = {Enterobacter sakazakii, neonate, sepsis, PCR}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {272-279}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-539-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-539-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rezazadeh, Mohsen and YousefiMashouf, Rasoul and sarmadyan, Hossein and Ghaznavi-Rad, Ehsanallah}, title = {Comparison of Disk Diffusionand}, abstract ={Background: Increasing prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in different communities is clearly visible. Because of this, treatment of patients with infections caused by those bacteria has fallen into critical troubles .Current study, therefore, is aimed to compare phenotypic (disk diffusion) and genotypic (PCR) methods for fast diagnosis of methicillin-resistant strains, isolated from patients of Arak Central Hospital Materials and Methods:In a cross sectional study whithin one year of period , a total of 100 samples were taken and tested from the patients of Arak hospital (located in the central part of Iran) . Isolates' sensitivity to Cefoxitin Disk and Oxacillin was confirmed through disk diffusion. Using PCR , the isolates were tested for the presence of mecA gene. Results were compared from the points of sensitivity and specificity by application of chi square test in SPSS software.. Results: Seventy five) 75%) out of the total 100 samples (through oxacillin disk diffusion method , already isolated from patients were resistant to oxacillin. Meanwhile, 83(83%) of cefoxitin disk diffusion method samples’ were resistant to cefoxitin. Three resistant samples to cefoxitin were negative for mecA gene and 80 (80%) samples were positive for mecA gene using PCR. Sensitivity were respectively 93.75% , 100% , and specificity were 100% and 100% , 85% , 100 Conclusion: Findings indicate that oxacillin disk diffusion method is a simple phenotypic method, however, it has lower sensitivity compared to cefoxitin disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Therfore, it is not recommended for detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Existence of strains resistant to cefoxitin without mecA gene, shows the outset of another type of resistance or mutation in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) .}, Keywords = {Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant, disk diffusion, polymerase chain reaction}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {280-289}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-540-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-540-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Alavi, Mehrosadat and Gheisari, Farshid and Haghighatafshar, Mahdi and Okhovat, Mohammad Ali and Rezaei, Peyman and Totonchi, Alireza and Atefi, Mohamm}, title = {Evaluating effect of a new sterile gauze containing Bentonite and Halloysite minerals on blood coagulation and wound healing in male rats}, abstract ={Background: In recent years, a wide variety of researches are performed in the field of novel technologies to stop severe bleeding. Finally, an effective combination of a mineral called Zeolite has been introduced. Bentonite and Halloysite ores are very common in Iran. Likewise, coagulation properties of these minerals have been proven in several studies. In this study, the effect of new recombinant gauze, containing Bentonite and Halloysite minerals was studied on blood coagulation and wound healing time in male rats. Materials and methods: In this exprimental study, new sterile gauze was prepared from mixture of Bentonite and Halloysite minerals and Vaseline. Then the effect of gauze was studied on the wound healing process in the Wistar rat. Finally, SPSS software was used for data analysis (T-test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney). Differences with P <0.05 were considered as significant. Results: In the first phase, the study was carried out on 40 blood samples of mice tails. The coagulation time of 81.31 ± 19.12 sec in control group and 33.2 ± 2.18 sec in study group (Bentonite-Halloysite treated) were reported. In the second phase, the time of complete wound healing was considered. This figure was observed between 9 and 13 days in the control group and 5 to 6 days in study group which is treated with recombinant sterile gauze. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, topical application of the new sterile gauze, combined with Bentonite and Halloysite minerals decrease clotting and wound healing time significantly}, Keywords = {Sterile gauze, Bentonite, Halloysite, Wound healing, Clotting time}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {290-297}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Fatemi, Mohammad Javad and Pegahmehr, Mohammad and Khajerahimi, Amir Assadollah and Chahardouli, Mahnaz and Taghavi, Shahrzad and Mostafavi, Shabnam and Sakhae, Maryam and Nafar, Pegah}, title = {Evaluation of Polyethylen - Vazeline guaze and melolin on healing of graft donor sites in rat}, abstract ={Background: Different types of dressings are applied on wounds to accelerate the healing process and improve its long term outcomes. This study designed to compare the healing rate of skin graft donor site while dressed with polyethylene, Meloline and Vaseline in rats. Material and Methods: In an experimental study, polyethylen, vazeline gauze and melolin were used for skin grft donor site dressing. 30 rats, randomly assigned to 3 groups. An approximately 5x5 cm split thickness wound was made on the dorsum of each rat under general anesthesia. Then dressed by polyethylene, Vaseline gauze and Melolin in each group. The wound size was measured by Image J sotware after operation and on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 to evaluate the rate of healing, then the results compared between groups. Results: The mean area of the wound size on day 12 was 0.72±0.44 cm2 in Vaseline group, 0.68±0.75 cm2 in polyethylene group and 0.14±0.17 cm2 in Meloline group.In 3rd day Vaseline group had smaller size, but in days 6 and 9 the smaller size belonged to Meloline similar to day 12, which differed statistically with Vaseline.P<0.04 Conclusion: Polyethylene dressing according to its low price and acceptable rate of wound healing may be an appropriate choice for wounds’ dressing.}, Keywords = {wound dressing, wound healing, skin graft donor site, Meloline, Polyethylene, Vaseline}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {298-306}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moosavi, Meysam and Jalali, Amir and Kianipour, Farzaneh and Siahpoosh, Amir and Farajzadeh-Shikh, Ahm}, title = {Assessing Mutagenicity of Methanolic Exteract of Borage Flower (Echium amuenum) Using Ames Bioassay}, abstract ={Background: pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been isolated from Echium amuenum. These alkaloids knowing as hepatotoxic, damage the liver. Mutagenicity of pure pyrrolizidine alkaloids has been identified. Thus, the mutagenic effect of the methanolic flower extract was tested using Amest test. Materials and Methods: The long maceration process (for 48 hrs) is carried out in order to extract all constitutes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was used to evaluate aflatoxin B1 contamination and histidine amino acid presence. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined with the dilution method. Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 was used to determination of mutagenicity. The genotype was confirmed by using histidine requirement, R- factor presence, rfa and uvrB mutations tests. The mutagenicity assay was performed by four extract concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1mg/ml). Sodium azide (NaN3) and methanol were used as the mutagens (positive control) and negative control, respectively in the absence or presence of liver-metabolizing enzymes. Results: The data indicate that Echium amuenum has not significant mutagenic activity against negative control. The presence of liver-metabolizing enzymes did not exhibit a significant change against the properties of extract. Conclusion: It seems that this extensive used plant in traditional medicine, doesn’t contain mutagenic or genotoxic effect in usual doses.}, Keywords = {Mutagenicity, Ames test, Echium amuenum, Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {307-317}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sarmadian, Hossein and Didgar, Farshideh and Ghasemikah, Rez}, title = {Comparison between Efficacy of Ciprofioxacin -Doxycycline with Rifampin – Doxycycline Regimens inrelapse of Brucellosis}, abstract ={Background: Brucellosis is one of the endemic diseases in Iran that has a worldwide spread and is associated with chronic disabilities in humans. Combination therapy of Brucellosis leads to recovery of symptoms, shortening of the symptomatic intervals, and decrease in the rate of relapse and drug resistance. Considering the use of rifampin in the treatment of tuberculosis, and the necessity for an alternative treatment in regions endemic for both tuberculosis and brucellosis, the aim ofthis study was to compare the efficiency of the regimen of rifampin-Doxycycline with ciprofloxacin-Doxycycline in relapse of brucellosis. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on 90 patients, older than 17 years old, affected with brucellosis, which were referred to the Infectious Disease Clinics at ArakUniversity of medical sciences between the years 1384-1387. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the DR groups, receiving 100 mg of Doxycycline twice a day and 300 mg of rifampin Bid daily for eight weeks and the CD group, receiving 100 mg of Doxycycline plus 500 mg of ciprofloxacin twice a day for eight weeks. The patients were analyzed for the relief of symptoms, drug side effects, and laboratory findings during the treatment. Results:In this study, the rate of relapse in both groups were similar. The relapse was seen in 4.5% and 3.2% of the patients for the DR and CD groups, respectively (P=0.168). The drug side effects were slight in both of groups, with no significant difference, and did not lead to discontinuation of the therapy. Conclusion: According to the same rate of relapse in both CD and DR regimens in the treatment of brucellosis and considering the usage of rifampin in regions with high prevalence of tuberclusis, the CD regimen is recommended as an appropriate one.}, Keywords = {Doxycycline, Rifampin, Ciprofloxacin, Relapse of brucellosis}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {318-325}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghaznavi-Rad, Ehsanallah and Amouzandehnobaveh, Alirez}, title = {Comparison of molecular methods in epidemiological typing of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus}, abstract ={Background: The aim of present study was evaluation and comparison of widely used molecular techniques including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi locus sequence typing (MLST), Staphylococcus aureus protein A typing (spa), Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome typing (SCCmec), and SCCmec typing with recently introduced method using direct repeat unit (dru) sequencing in the hyper-variable region of the SCCmec cassette for clustering and discrimination of MRSA isolates. Material and Methods: Out of 389 already molecularly established methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates 61 representative samples were subjected to PFGE and dru typing methods according to guideline. Results: The results showed that isolates were typed by PFGE typing, MLST typing, spa typing, SCCmec was typing and dru typing to 7,6,6,12,19 different types respectively. Evaluation of the discriminatory power for each method identified dru typing and PFGE as the most discriminatory methods. Conclusion: Although the discriminatory ability of dru typing, especially with closely related MRSA ST239 strains underscore its utility as a feasible and cheap method in epidemiological investigation of MRSA, we suggest the use of the conjugation of dru typing and PFGE typing for epidemiological surveillance studies, since this combination provides more discriminatory and typeability which is useful for the control of nosocomial infection.}, Keywords = {Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, PFGE, dru, molecular typing comparison}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {326-335}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {MajlesiNasr, Monireh and jabbari, Fatemeh and Alebouyeh, Masoud and Torabi, Parisa and Balvayeh, Mahdi and Zali, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Risk assessment of cooking utensils role of the bacterial contamination in the hospital kitchen}, abstract ={Background: Food contact surfaces are a major concern for food services facilities in controlling the spread of food borne pathogens. This study was aimed to investigate roles of food utensils in transmission of the most important bacteria associated with nosocomial infections and hospital food borne diseases in one hospital in Tehran. Materials and methods: During the three independent sampling processes, samples of common used utensils were analyzed for bacterial contamination. Through a sterile swab the samples were collected in sterile tubes and after transferring, were immediately subjected to culture on gram negative specific and general media for bacteria. Total bacterial counts of each sample were determined and their characterizations were performed by biochemical diagnostic tests according to standards methods. Results: Among the studied cooking utensils’ and food samples, the most contaminated samples were determined as samples from board and blender as 38% and 35%, respectively. The most bacteria isolated from these samples were related to species of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus species that were similar to the isolates from studied food samples. Conclusion: Results of this study, in addition to high contamination rates of medical foods and utensils in their contact showed that there are significant weaknesses in proper cooking and utensils hygiene conditions in preparation and distribution of medical food in the studied hospital’s samples.}, Keywords = {Bacterial contamination, Medical food, Cooking utensils, HACCP}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {336-344}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Akbari-adergani, Behrooz and Eskandari, Soheil and KelarestaniNejad, Hananeh}, title = {Bioaccumulation of Some Metallic Elements in Eddible Textrue of Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus Collected from Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Background: Today the consequences of taking metal ions especially heavy metals on human health and the environment is of great interest, especially for aquatic food products. The main aim of this scientific and applied research was to measure, some ionic metals’ concentration (i.e. Ni, Fe, V, Co, Cr, Ag, Cd, Li and Ba) in Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus collected from Persian Gulf. Materials and Methods: In this research twenty one samples of Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus from seven regional fishing ports in Bandar Bushehr, Bandar Mahshahr and Bandar Abbass were collected and transferred to the laboratory in an ice box immediately. After sample preparation according to the AOAC method, each sample was introduced into the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) for determination of the metallic elements’ concentration. Results: The results showed that the average concentration of all elements except of vanadium in the muscle of shrimp was higher than the skin. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean of cobalt and lithium accumulation in the skin and muscle of shrimp (P <0/05). Also mean concentration of metals measured in the muscle and skin of shrimps collected from Bushehr have the highest amount of metallic pollution compared to the other two fishing regions which could be a sign of potential contamination of this aquatic area. Conclusion : The comparison of mean concentration in muscle of collected shrimps from Persian Gulf with the WHO recommended guidlines showed that the concentration of metallic elements are lower than the WHO allowable limits and there is no concern regarding consumption of these products.}, Keywords = {Heavy Metals, Bio-accumulation, Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus, Persian Gulf}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {345-357}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {BadeeNezhad, Ahmad and Farzadkia, Mahdi and Gholami, Mitra and JonidiJafari, Ahm}, title = {Chemical quality assessment of Shiraz plain’s groundwater as a drinking water resource using Geographical Information System (GIS)}, abstract ={Background: Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in Shiraz city. The objective of this study was to investigation of Shiraz city groundwater’s quality, evaluation of spatial distribution of groundwater quality indexes and provision of groundwater quality maps in the selected area. Material and Methods: In this study, 110 samples from 55 wells in the rainy and dry seasons were taken and analyzed. The water quality indexes consisted of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sulfate, sodium, hardness, and nitrate were measured based on the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater book. Arcview GIS 9.3 software and an interpolation technique were used for determining the water quality maps of this area. Results: Result showed that pH values of groundwater were at pleasure range and variable in 7 to 8.5. Sulfate concentration in the most of wells was justified in desirable limits. According to the zoning maps of groundwater, hardness was very high in all of parts of the Shiraz plain. Also, the highest nitrate concentration observed in the southeast and central of this plain. Conclusion: Final qualitative map of groundwater indicated that the quality of this water was decreased from east to west of this plain. The quality of groundwater in this area were classified, 4.6% in desirable level, 7.9% in suitable level, 27.7% in medium level, 48.4% in medium to poor level and 11.3% (which was located at southwest of the plain) in lowest level.}, Keywords = {water quality, groundwater, Shiraz plain, GIS }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {358-367}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zarinfar, Nader and Sarmadian, Hossein and Esmaili, Akram}, title = {Effect of probiotic preparation in preventing antibiotic associated diarrhea and colitis: a Clinical trial}, abstract ={Background: Clostridium Difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic- associated diarrhea (AAD) and antibiotic associated colitis (AAC) in the hospital setting. In this Study, the preventive effect of Lactobacillus coagulance probiotic preparation was investigated on AAD and AAC. Material and Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial study, 300 patients under antibiotics treatment according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled to the study and randomly divided into two groups, case (tab probiotic, 100mg/day) and control group (placebo) from initial antibiotic administration till one week after termination of antibiotic consumption. All patients were trained about the signs of diarrhea and colitis. Colitis signs, incidence of diarrhea and its culture findings for the presence of the toxin of Clostridium difficile were recorded and compared between groups. Data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests and using version 16 of SPSS statistical software. Results: Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) was seen in 10 (6.6%) and 16 (%10.6) patients of case and control group respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in AAD incidence and positive stool exam regarding the presence of Clostridium difficile toxin. Colitis syndrome were develop in 34 (22.8%) and 86 (57%) patients of the probiotic and placebo group respectively that was significantly low in case group (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between probiotic group and placebo group in reducing AAD. But, consumption of Lactobacillus coagulance probiotic can reduce the incidence of antibiotic associated colitis.}, Keywords = {Clostridium difficile, Colitis, Probiotic, Antibiotic. }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {368-376}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-549-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-549-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shahhosseiny, Mohammad Hassan and Beglari, Shokoofeh and Bayat, Mansoor and moslemi, Elham and Ghahri, Mohamm}, title = {Improvement of the Molecular diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans using Internal Control (IC)}, abstract ={Background: Lacking of internal control in majority of the PCR realated searchesis one of the most important items yet. Using sensitive and specialized laboratory techniques such as PCR is necessary to cryptococosis diagnosis. Different methods to detect this pathogen exist. Generally, culturing based methods are time consuming and have low sensitivity and need enough experience and equipments to data analyzing. Further painting based methods have no sufficient sensitivity as well. As a result, molecular techniques such as PCR are more appropriate to diagnosis purposes, but different data gathered from non standard tests supposed to be one of the deficiencies of this powerful molecular technique. This aim of this study was to design and produce the plasmid amplification internal control (IAC) to identify the restrictors in Cryptococcus neoformans PCR test and its future applications in the routine diagnostic laboratories. Materials and methods: In this study to produce internal control, first the special PCR primers based on Gene target 16SrRNA for optimized molecular detection and then sensitivity and character were identified. Then, the composite primers for IAC C. neoformans was designed, replicated and clonized as well. The replicated IAC C. neoformans was attached to pTZ57R and transformed and colonized in E.coli JM107. The minimum IC number of each PCR reaction was studied using dilution and PCR reaction spectrum with IC. Results: The size of C. neoformans diagnostic product with its special primers was 415 bp and IAC C. neoformans amplicon is 661 bp, which have desired deference in the size (246 bp). The minimum IC number was identified 1000 in each reaction. The min/max sensitivity of PCR test with IC for C. neoformans DNA was identified between 100 particle to 3 million yeasts. There was no unwanted product in the character test with different agents. Conclusion: In spite of high rate and exclusivity of PCR technique, one of the main difficulties of this exacting method is the false positive and negative results which occur because of different reasons which may led to decrease its performance. Using an internal control for molecular diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans as inside controlling systemcan detect these errors.}, Keywords = {Amplification internal control, Cryptococcus neoformans, PCR}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {377-390}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-550-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-550-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {NajafiAnaraki, Abdolreza and Mirzaei, Kamran and Motamed, Niloofar}, title = {Comparison of Dexamethasone and Severe Hydration on Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting in tonsillectomy}, abstract ={Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) still is a common and undesired problem after general surgery and is depended by several factor such as age, sex and type of surgery. The aim of this study is to compare effect of dexamethasone with severe hydration on PONV after elective tonsillectomy. Material and Methods: Seventy-seven patients scheduled for non-emergency tonsillectomy enrolled in a prospective double blind randomized clinical trials. All the patients received two milliliters per kilograms body weight ringer solution for every hour fasting. Control group received four milligrams dexamethasone and the case group received twenty milliliters per kilogram body weight ringer solution before surgery. PONV was noted and recorded in recovery and surgery units. Results: There was no difference between groups regards to blood pressure, heart rate, and PONV. The incidence of PONV in case group and control group was 25.6% and 26.7% respectively (P value>o.o5). Conclusion: Severe hydration can be a safe and available alternative for dexamethasone in prevention of PONV after tonsillectomy.}, Keywords = {prevention, severe hydration, nausea and vomiting, dexamethasone, tonsillectomy}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {391-398}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shirkani, Afshin and Jabbariazad, Farahzad and Faridhosseini, Rez}, title = {Does treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease with omeprazole decrease allergic rhinitis symptoms?}, abstract ={Background: Allergic rhinitis is the most common type of allergic disease among population. Its accurate treatment is very important for cutting of allergic march. On the other hand, gasteroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal problems among allergic patients mainly asthmatic cases. It might conflict treatment. Despite of asthma, a few studies have been conducted on the impact of GERD treatment on allergic rhinitis symptoms. In this study, we assessed GERD treatment and its effects on improving of allergic rhinitis patients with GERD. Materials and Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, March - September 2012, 103 consecutive patients with persistent moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis enrolled. For allergic rhinitis patients with GERD 20 mg omeperazole once daily for 6 weeks prescribed, empirically. Conventional allergy treatment continued and finally the allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed clinically and recorded before, 5th, 10th and 30th days of omeprazole treatment period. Results: Our study included 103 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis who were divided into GERD (n=33, 38%) and non-GERD (n=70, 68%) groups with the mean age 28 and 25.7 years, respectively. The first group developed significant improvement for GERD symptoms on days 5, 10 and 30 after beginning of therapy (P=0.03). No association was found between GERD treatment and relief of allergic symptoms or TNSS improvement (P>0.05). Data analyzed by Epi info (ver 7) and SPSS software (ver 11.5), and by Chi squeare test and paired T test. P lower than 0.05 was considered as significant. Conclusion: This study showed no significant association between empirical treatment of GERD and improvement of allergic symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis. However, further studies with a larger sample size might be needed.}, Keywords = {Allergic rhinitis, Gasteroesophageal reflux, Omeprazole, effectiveness}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {399-406}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-552-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-552-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Farrokhi, Shockrolla and Gheybi, Mohammad Kazem and Dehdari, Reihaneh and Keshvari, Saman and Gholampour, Hossein and Mansourian, Zohreh and Khosravi, Yasaman and Behvar, Bita and Zandi, Sahar and Eatemadan, Razieh and Ostovar, Afshin and Vahdat, Katayo}, title = {Prevalence of Seafood Allergy in Student Living in Bushehr and Borazjan}, abstract ={Background: Seafood allergy is potentially severe, but the prevalence of this group of food allergies in Iran, has not been determined. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of seafood allergy in student living in Bushehr and Borazjan. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, random school survey by using a questionnaire in 2012-13. A total of 608 (36% male, and 64%) female) were asked questions about personal and family history of allergies, food and seafood allergy. Results: The overall prevalence of food allergy was 12% (Total 73 subjects, 69.8% male and 30.2% female), and seafood allergy was 4.4% (Total 27 subjects, 36.6% male, 43.4% female). Fish allergy (1.4%) and shrimp and shellfish allergy (3.5%) were reported. The most frequently reported symptoms were skin (49.3%), gastrointestinal (28.7%), and respiratory reactions (2.7%). Seafood allergy was not associated with subjects reporting atopic diseases, significantly (P> 0.05), while the other food allergy was positively associated (P=0.00). Conclusion: Our study is the first report on prevalence estimates for seafood allergy in Bushehr province. Findings indicated high prevalence of seafood allergy in student, therefore further studies and significant health concern is needed.}, Keywords = {Seafood allergy, Fish allergy, Shrimp allergy, Skin, Gastrointestinal, Respiratory symptoms}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {407-414}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-553-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-553-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Shaban Ali and Edalatnejad, Mahnaz and Niksepehr, Akbar}, title = {Correlation between Gastro Intestinal Failure and mortality rate of ICU admitted patients in Valiasr hospital of Arak city in 2011.}, abstract ={Background: According to insufficient clinical studies concerning association between Gastro Intestinal Failure Score (GIF Score) and mortality rate of ICU admitted patients, the aim of this study was to determine predicting value of GIF Score in mortality rate of ICU admitted patients. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 357 patients who were ≥18y/o and were admitted in ICU during 72 hrs were enrolled in the study. For all patients, informed consent form, demographic data sheet and physical examination were completed and intra-abdominal pressure, GIF Score of first week and mortality rate of first week and 28th day were recorded. All collected data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results: In this study mortality rate of 7th and 28th day were 11.5% and 29.7%, respectively. Incidence of high intra-abdominal pressure (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) were 34.7% and 6.2%. The mean GIF Score during first week was 1.346(SD 0.935). All of these variables were significantly correlated with mortality of 7th and 28th day. Also in logistic regression model, IAH, ACS, GIF score were predicting variables for mortality of 7th and 28th day in ICU admitted patients. Conclusion: According to the results GIF score was significantly correlated with mortality rate of 7th and 28th day in ICU admitted patients. It seems further multi central studies are essential}, Keywords = {GIF Score, ICU patients, Mortality rate, Intra-Abdominal High Pressure}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {415-423}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-554-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-554-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mirzaie, Kamran and Zahmatkesh, Soray}, title = {Knowledge regarding prevention of infective endocarditis among dentists in Bushehr Province-1390}, abstract ={Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is known as a life-threatening disease, with bacteremia inducing dental procedures considered to be one of the major factors. Thus, prevention of IE onset with antibiotics is widely recommended. AHA 2007 Guidelines for prevention and treatment are well known. The aim this study was assessment of knowledge regarding prevention of infective endocarditis among dentist in Bushehr Province. Material and Methods: In a cross sectional study, data was collected by using Self-administered Questionnaires which obtain according AHA 2007 guideline were distributed to dentists who occupied governmental or private clinic in Bushehr Province. Data was analyzed by Independent t test, Chi-Square by using SPSS software at level of significancy, 0.05. Results: From 72 questionnaires were distributed between all dentists who worked in Bushehr Province, 59 questionnaires were completed. (Response rate: 81.9%). Approximately 48% reported encountering fewer than several patients at risk for IE per year and only 60.4% of the respondents were aware of the guidelines for its prevention. Frequency of correct answer toward cardiac conditions which needed antibiotic prophylaxis weren’t higher than 43%. In all, kind, route, dosage and time of antibiotics administration were according to AHA 2007 guidelines. Generally, the level of knowledge of dentists toward antibiotic prophylaxis to prevention infective endocarditis was poor and the frequency of correct answer toward cardiac conditions that need antibiotic prophylaxis is less than 43%. Conclusion: These findings suggest that promotion of knowledge of dentists for prevention of IE is important, although the frequency of cases encountered by dentists is extremely low.}, Keywords = {Infective endocarditis, prophylaxis of endocarditis, antibiotic prophylaxis, knowledge of dentists }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {424-434}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-555-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-555-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Aghaghazvini, Leila and Hashemi, Hasan and Neshan, Elham and Aghaghazvini, Shirin and Shakiba, Maji}, title = {Frequency of abnormal findings in lumbar MRI in patients With non traumatic and non surgical low back pain referred to Imam-Khomeini Hospital}, abstract ={Background: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of abnormal discal findings in lumbar MRI in patients with non traumatic non surgical low back pain who referred to Imam-Khomeini hospital Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive – analytical cross-sectional prospective survey among 280 consecutive patients who referred to Imam-Khomeini hospital in 2008 -2009. The data were collected by check list and analysis was done by SPSS 10 Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.98. 56.1% were female Abnormal MRI was seen in 83.2% and 72.9% had disc involvement including 40.7% central, 21.1% right and 36.3% left involvements, 25.75% had bulging, 62.85% protrusion, 11.05% extrusion and finally 0.35% had sequestration. Conclusion: It may be concluded that disc protrusion and bulging are the most common findings in MRI and according to excellent ability of MRI in diagnosis of herniation, MRI is recommended in patients with non surgical non traumatic low back pain.}, Keywords = {:MRI, Low Back Pain, Disk, Herniated, Lumbar Region}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {435-442}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Elahifar, Mohammad Ali and DehghanMonfared, Gholam Hossein and RanjbarSistani, Mitr}, title = {Assessment of radiographic film repeats rate and its causes in radiology centers of Zahedan University of medical sciences}, abstract ={Background: In diagnostic radiology, analysis of set aside radiographic films is a useful method for testing quality control. Repeated radiography not only imposes additional costs, but also increases the amount of unnecessary radiation dose radiated to the patients and relevant staff. The aim of this study to determine the frequency of set aside radiographic films and its reasons. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, radiographic films were evaluated over a period of two months. After reviewing the scientific literature, a form was designed to study the setting aside of radiographic films and its related reasons. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 24,392 radiographies were performed. The frequency of repeated radiographic films was 1241. The average rate of repeated radiographies in three hospitals was 5.09%. The specific rates of repeated radiographies in Khatamolanbia, Bu-Ali and Ali-ibn-e-Abitaleb Hospitals were 5.32%, 7.22%, and 2.75%, respectively. The main reasons for repeating radiography were radiation errors (42.72%) and the movement of patients (20.30%). The highest rate of repeating radiography was related to the pelvic cavity (11.72%). Conclusion: It was found that human error plays an important role in the repetition of radiographic images. Repetition rate of radiographic images in this study is in the middle range compared to the previous studies conducted in Iran, but its rate in some hospitals and some organs is not acceptable.}, Keywords = {Radiography, Repeated film, Frequency, Rejected film}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {443-450}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mohebbi, Gholam Hossein and Nabipour, Iraj and Vazirizadeh, Amir}, title = {Neurotoxic Syndromes in Marine Poisonings a Review}, abstract ={Background: Marine neurotoxins as of Marine biotoxins are natural toxins that produced mainly by dinoflagellates, diatoms and several species of invertebrates and fish. Marine poisoning results from the ingestion of marine animals contain these toxins and causes considerable adverse effects. Materials and methods: This review provides some facts about the structures of marine neurotoxins, their molecular target and pharmacology, analytical methods for their detection and quantitation, diagnosis and laboratory testing, clinical manifestations, as well as prevention and treatment, if were obtainable. Furthermore, we focus on marine poisoning and various associated neurological syndromes like ciguatera, tetrodotoxin poisoning, and paralytic shellfish poisoning, after ingestion of the common marine toxins. Results: A number of neurotoxins that prescribed according to their potency (LD50) are: Maitotoxin, Ciguatoxins and Palytoxin, Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, Brevetoxins, Azaspiracid, Yessotoxin, Cooliatoxin, Domoic acid and Conotoxins, Respectively. The primary target of most marine neurotoxins is voltage gated sodium channels and the resulting block of ion conductance through these channels. Moreover, these compounds interact with voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels and modulate the flux of stated ions into many cell types. As well, the target recognized for palytoxin is the Na+- K+ /ATPase. Conclusion: Results of reviewed studies revealed that, the Ciguatera is the commonest syndrome of marine poisoning, but is rarely lethal. Puffer fish poisoning results from the ingestion of fish containing tetrodotoxin and paralytic shellfish poisoning are less common, but have a higher fatality rate than ciguatera. Despite their high toxicity, no much research has been done on some of the toxins, like maitotoxin. In addition, there have remained unknown the pharmacological effects, mechanism of action and molecular target of some toxins such as Cooliatoxin and Ostreotoxins, Which could be the subject of the research in Future, or perhaps a new generation of drugs.}, Keywords = {Marine neurotoxins, Neurotoxic syndromes, Voltage gated channels, Clinical manifestations.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {451-475}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-558-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-558-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Amini, Azam and Ostovar, Afshin and Darabi, Hossein and HaeryNejad, Mohammad Javad and Yousefi, Farzaneh and Vahdat, Katayou}, title = {infectious diseases during Hajj}, abstract ={Background: Muslims participation in Mecca & Medina (Saudi Arabia) for Hajj which is the largest organized annual mass gathering in the world. In addition of Hajj, many pilgrims attend in Saudi Arabia for Umrah that is performed year-round. This great human immigration is an important challenge of health care and infection control systems. Current study reviews the most prevalent infectious diseases among pilgrims during Hajj along with their mode of transmission and control. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was done on PubMed, Science Direct & Google Scholar databases by using Hajj, Pilgrims, Infectious Diseases & Mecca as keywords. Our search was restricted to English & Persian papers from 1994 to 2014. Results: Overall, 97 papers were found. After omitting old and repeated reports, 64 articles were reviewed finally. Conclusion: Due to scale of Hajj and prevalence of various infectious diseases such as meningococcal infections, diarrheal diseases and Influenza preventive measures and vaccination are recommended both before and during pilgrimage.Pilgrims and health care workers must be educated about health hazards and protective behaviors.}, Keywords = {Hajj, Infectious Diseases, Mecca, Saudi Arabia}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {476-486}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-559-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-559-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, Farzaneh and Darabi, Hossein and Nabipour, Iraj and Assadi, Majid and Vahdat, Katayoun and Kardeh, Ehsan and Raeisi, Alireza and Ostovar, Afshi}, title = {Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking in Bushehr Province: Comparison of Two Phases of the Persian Gulf Healthy Heart Study}, abstract ={Background: Based on previous studies, tobacco smoking generally and water pipe smoking particularly, have high prevalence in Bushehr province. This study is a new analysis of the Persian Gulf healthy heart study with goal of determination of prevalence and pattern of cigarette and water pipe smoking in Bushehr province. Materials and methods: A total of 3735 men and women aged 25 years old or higher from three districts of Bushehr province (Bushehr, Genaveh, and Deylam) were participated in the study phase I in 2003, from which 1833 persons (49.7%) were participated in the phase II 6 years later in 2009. Demographic data and pattern of smoking, either cigarette or water pipe, were collected with personal interview. Gender specific crude and directly standardized prevalence of cigarette and water pipe smoking was calculated for both phases of the study. Results: Prevalence of cigarette smoking were 11.9% and 7.5% for the firstand second phase, respectively. 21.6% of men and 0.4% of women in the first phase and 13% of men and 0.7% of women in the second phase were cigarette smokers. Prevalence of water pipe smoking were 17.9% and 12.9% in the first and second phase, respectively. 10.7% of men and 25.8% of women in the first phase and 7.1% of men and 19.05% of women in second phase were water pipe smokers. Conclusion: Water pipe smoking in women in Bushehr province was significantly higher than other non-southern areas of Iran. More studies are needed to determine main causes of women tendency in water pipe smoking in southern provinces of Iran.}, Keywords = {cigarette, water pipe, Bushehr, smoking}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {487-495}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Mahboobeh and Mohebbi, Gholam Hossein and Vazirizadeh, Amir and Nabipour, Iraj}, title = {Medical Management in Stonefish Envenomation in Bushehr Port}, abstract ={Background: The Persian Gulf is one of the best places to find tropical venomous animals. The second cause of marine injuries in the Persian Gulf region is stonefish, it seems that the medical practitioners in this region are not familiar with the medical management of stonefish envenomationon. Materials and methods: A total of 16 patients with stonefish envenomation were serially examined in emergency rooms of academic hospitals of Boushehr port and Delvar clinic. In these patients local and systemic manifestations, first aid management and therapeutic interventions were evaluated. Results: The most common sites of injury were lower extremity (14 cases) and upper extremities (2 cases). The most common prescribing medication for relief of pain was injection of local lidocaine. The second and third most common prescribed drugs were parenteral antihistamines and corticosteroids, respectively. Hot water was not used in any of patients. Only in 2 cases antibiotic were given, whereas tetabolin was not prescribed in any of them. Conclusion: Although the most effective pain relieving intervention for stonefish envenomation, it was not used in injured patients in the current study. Likewise, tetabolin was not used. The medical practitioners should be encouraged to use immersion of the injured site in hot water, injection of local lidocaine without adrenalin, tetabolin injection and prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics in stonefish envenomation.}, Keywords = {venomous animals, stonefish, Pseudosynanceia melanostigma, Envenomation, Persian Gulf.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {496-505}, publisher = {Bushehr University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-561-en.html}, eprint = {http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-561-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian South Medical Journal}, issn = {1735-4374}, eissn = {1735-6954}, year = {2014} }