Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
Philosophy of Synthetic Biology
1
18
FA
Iraj
Nabipour
The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran<br>Future Studies Group, The Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran
Inabipour@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-1785-0883
10.29252/ismj.21.1.1
Synthetic biology is a novel branch of biological sciences. With the creation of synthetic microorganisms with minimal genome compatible with life, Craig Venter had provoked hot philosophical discussions about the nature of life. Furthermore, recent advancements in synthetic biology have revived philosophical discussions about hybrid entities “synthetic organisms” and “living machines” and fundamental differences between biological machines and the living world. This paper is a critical analysis of the philosophical perspective on the design of synthetic organisms, minimal genome and artificial life. It also presents a critical view on knowledge-making practices in synthetic biology on Richard Feynman’s statement: “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”
Synthetic biology, Biological systems, Minimal life, Artificial life, Philosophy, Synthetic organisms
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.pdf
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
Codon 72 Polymorphism of TP53 Gene in Cervical Biopsies with Abnormal Histology in Bushehr Province
19
28
FA
Marzeah
Zaker Hosseini
Department of Genetics, Colleague of Science, Kazerun branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
N
0000-0002-7046-6653
Sirous
Naeimi
Department of Genetics, Colleague of Science, Kazerun branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
N
Maryam
Moradinasab
The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
N
Sakeneh
Taherkhani
Reproductive Health and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
N
Fatemeh
Farshadpour
The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
N
Akram
Ansarifar
The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
N
Reza
Taherkhani
The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
taherkhanireza2005@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-4099-7584
10.29252/ismj.21.1.19
Background: TP53 tumor suppressor gene plays a role in repairing DNA damage as well as in cell apoptosis. This study was conducted to compare codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene between abnormal cervical tissue samples and samples of healthy women as a control group. In addition the frequency of human herpes simplex viruses (HSV) in these samples was determined.
Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 biopsies of the cervix with abnormal pathology were examined from archives of the Department of Pathology at Shohadaye Khalij Fars Hospital, and 164 healthy women were selected as the control group. PCR test was used for detection of HSV, and Allele-specific PCR was used for analyzing codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene. Data was analyzed in SPSS software.
Results: Distribution of codon 72 of TP53 genotypes in patient and control groups was not statistically significant. Evaluation of the frequency of arginine and proline alleles in the patient and control groups revealed that fewer patients were without proline allele (19%) compared to the control (30.1%), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.04), (OR: 1.03-3.36، CI 95%=1.86). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between TP53 genotype and variables of the pathology report, age, ethnicity and place of residence. In this study, HSV was not detected in the samples.
Conclusion: Because of the significant difference in proline allele between the case and control groups, it appears that this allele is associated with the abnormal cervical pathology results in Bushehr Province.
Polymorphism, TP53 gene, Herpes simplex virus, Allele-specific PCR
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.pdf
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
CFL1 Gene Expression in the Intestinal Samples of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in East Azarbaijan Population
29
39
FA
S.Saeadeh
Daryabari
Department of Animal Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
N
0000-0003-1951-0847
Reza
Safaralizadeh
Department of Animal Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
safaralizadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-6970-6998
Mohammad Ali
Hosseinpour Feizi
Department of Animal Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
N
Yaghob
Moaddab
Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
N
Rehaneh
Ravanbakhsh Gavgani
Department of Animal Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
N
10.29252/ismj.21.1.29
Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death around the world. Northern areas of Iran from northwest to northeast have a high risk of this cancer. Genetic mutations and changes in expression level are the most effective factors in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. CFL1 is one of the genes affected by changes in expression level. CFL1 is isoform of the ADF/cofilin protein family. The protein encoded by this gene can polymerize and depolymerize F-actin and G-actin in a pH-dependent manner. In this research, we studied the expression of this gene in intestinal samples of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Material and Methods: In this study, mRNA was extracted from the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma of 26 biopsy samples. Next, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure gene expression after cDNA synthesis.
Results: The rate of CFL1 gene expression in tumor samples significantly increased compared with healthy tumor margins (p<0.05). Furthermore, the biomarker index for CFL1 was obtained 0.88.
Conclusion: This gene can be used as a biomarker in gastric cancer. Overall, the results of this study showed that the expression of CFL1 has a significant association with the nature of cancer tumors. This implies that CFL1 has a high potential as a novel target for gene therapies in gastric cancer.
Stomach Neoplasm, Adenocarcinoma, CFL1
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.pdf
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
The Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Visual Learning, Memory and Anatomical
Structures of the Brain in Male Rhesus Monkeys
40
53
FA
Elahe
Tekieh
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
0000-0002-7968-5991
Masomeh
Kazemi
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Hasan
Tavakoli
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Mehdi
Saberi
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Hosean
Ghanaati
Department of Radiology Medical Imaging Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Mostafa
Hajinasrollah
Animal core facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
N
Maryam
Salehi
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Hamed
Aliyary
Department of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
N
Hedayat
Sahraei
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
hsahrei1343@gmail.com
Y
0000-0001-9235-0013
10.29252/ismj.21.1.40
Background: Humans in modern societies are exposed to substantially elevated levels of electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions with different frequencies. The neurobiological effects of EMF have been the subject of debate and intensive research over the past few decades. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of EMF on visual learning and anatomical dimensions of the hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) in male Rhesus monkeys.
Materials and Methods: In this study, four rhesus monkeys of Macaca mulatta species were irradiated by 0.7 microtesla ELF-EMF either at 5 or 30 Hz, 4 h a day, for 30 days. Alterations in visual learning and memory were assessed before and after irradiation phase by using a box designed for challenging animals for gaining rewards. Furthermore, the monkeys’ brains were scanned by MRI technique one week before and one week after irradiation. The monkeys were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (10–20 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.2–0.4 mg/kg), and scanned with a 3-Tesla Magnetom, in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using T2 weighted protocol with a slice thickness of 3 mm. The anatomical changes of hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) were measured by volumetric study.
Results: Electromagnetic field exposure at a frequency of 30 Hz reduced the number of correct responses in the learning process and delayed memory formation in the two tested monkeys. Meanwhile, ELF-EMF at 5 Hz had no effect on the visual learning and memory changes. No anatomical changes were observed in the prefrontal area and the hippocampus at both frequencies.
Conclusion: ELF-EMF irradiation at 30 Hz adversely affected visual learning and memory, probably through factors other than changes in brain structure and anatomy.
electromagnetic field, hippocampus, prefrontal area, macaca mulatta monkey, visual learning
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.pdf
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors in Comparison with Pathology Results
54
64
FA
Lila
Aghaghazvini
Department of radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
aghaghazvini.leila@gmail.com
Y
0000-0001-8229-1283
Hashem
Sharifian
Department of radiology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Sirous
Omidi
Advanced Diagnostic and invasive imaging research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Nasrin
Yazdani
ENT research center, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Soheal
Kooraki
Advanced Diagnostic and invasive imaging research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
10.29252/ismj.21.1.54
Background: Differentiation between benign and malignant parotid tumors before surgery is important because it can change the treatment plan for patients. We evaluated the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for differentiating benign from malignant parotid tumors.
Materials and Methods: Forty patients with salivary gland tumor especially parotid, who were candidate for surgery, were enrolled. Patients were selected in Amiralam Hospital and underwent MRI in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at 135 and 270 time of echo (TE), and the choline/creatine ratio was determined. The cytological results were used to divide the patients into warthin, benign and malignant groups and ROC curves were used to determine the best cut off points.
Results: Forty patients entered this study, 25 had benign non-warthin tumors, nine had malignant tumors and six had warthin tumors. TE:136 was stronger for differentiating benign from malignant tumors. The best cutoff point for choline/creatine ratio was 1.92 in TE:136 with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% and 1.76 in TE:270 with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 71%. Choline/creatine ratio <1.25 can rule out malignancy with a sensitivity of 92% and ratio > 1.76 strongly suggests malignancy with a specificity of 10%. MRS was not able to differentiate benign non-warthin from warthin tumors.
Conclusion: According to the present study, choline/creatine ratio in MRS is a noninvasive method that can be used for differentiating benign from malignant tumors.
Tumor, salivary gland, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, malignant, benign, parotid
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
Classification of White Blood Cells Using Convolutional Neural Network
65
80
FA
Amin
Edraki
School of Electrical and Computers Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
N
0000-0002-0843-5522
AbolHassan
Razminia
Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
razminia@pgu.ac.ir
Y
10.29252/ismj.21.1.65
Background: Observing, categorizing and counting various types of white blood cells in a blood sample is one of the most important steps in the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to develop a fast and reliable system based on processing microscopic images of blood samples for classifying four types of white blood cells.
Materials and Methods: The modified k-means clustering method was used to perform image segmentation. Furthermore, white blood cells were classified using a deep convolutional neural network with the help of data in the MISP database, a free database composed of microscopic blood sample images. Moreover, several regularization techniques such as dropout and image augmentation were applied to prevent overfitting of the network.
Results: The classification accuracy of the neural network was found to be 99%, which is more successful than many earlier studies. In the segmentation section, the cross-reference index was 0.73.
Conclusion: The results of this research show that processing the microscopic images of the blood sample can help develop rapid and reliable systems using different methods of image processing and machine learning.
Image segmentation, image classification, deep neural networks, microscopic images of blood samples, white blood cell, convolutional neural network
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.pdf
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Iranian South Medical Journal
1735-4374
1735-6954
21
1
2018
4
1
The Effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model on Improving the Weight and Body Size Among Women Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
81
91
FA
Sadrollah
Khosravi
Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran
N
Masoud
Amini
Department of Surgery, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
N
Hamid
Poursharifi
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Walfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Zahra
Sobhani
Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
zahrasobhani120@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-5484-4175
Lila
Sadeghian
Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
N
10.29252/ismj.21.1.81
Background: Given the highly increasing weight in individuals and its complications in different societies, as well as the advances in bariatric surgery techniques, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions to reduce postoperative complications and to increase their positive outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery.
Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all obese women undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Shiraz Ghadir Mother-Child Subspecialty Hospital in fall and winter 2016. Convenience sampling was used to select 30 women, who were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The data were collected with a scale and stadiometer, tape measure, and a demographic questionnaire for each group in two steps (pre-test and post-test). IMB model was implemented for the experimental group for four weeks (a 1.5 hour session per week) in the hospital’s Obesity Clinic. Data were analyzed in SPSS19 software using MANCOVA at the significance level of P <0.05.
Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that IMB model had a significant effect on improving weight and body size in obese women undergoing bariatric surgery (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our results showed that Information Motivation Behavioral model can be effective on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery.
IMB model, weight, body size, bariatric surgery
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.html
http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.pdf