1. Mousavi A, Mokhtari-Payam M, Fazaeli A, et al. Analysis of national health accounts in Iran (2002–2020). Payesh 2025; 24(1): 7–19. (Persian) [
DOI]
2. Smith PC. Health care reforms in Europe and their implications for Japan. The Japanese Journal of Social Security Policy 2004; 3(2): 80-95. [
Article]
3. Haraldsson T, Marzano L, Krishna H, et al. Exploring hospital overcrowding with an explainable time-to-event machine learning approach. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 316: 678-682. [
DOI]
4. Koushki, MS., Nekooei Moghaddam M, Amiresmaili M, et al. How is the cost structure of hospital in developing countries? A case of public university hospitals in Iran. J Health Man & Info 2020, 7(3), 179–186. [
Article]
5. Donovan T, Abell B, Fernando M, et al. Implementation costs of hospital-based computerised decision support systems: a systematic review. Implement Sci 2023; 18(1): 7. [
DOI]
6. Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, et al. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford University Press; 2015. [
Article]
7. Meskarpour-Amiri M, Shokri N, Aliyari S, et al. Strategies to reduce costs and increase revenue in hospitals: a mixed methods investigation in Iran. BMC Health Serv Res 2025; 25(1): 127. [
DOI]
8. Seyedin H, Moghimi M, Goharinezhad S, et al. The hospital cost reduction strategies from the man-agers’ point of view: a qualitative study in Iran. Health Scope 2024; 13(1): e137620. [
DOI]
9. Derakhshan Z, Larijani B, Shamsi-Gooshki E, et al. Presenting a comprehensive definition of unnecessary healthcare services and their drivers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37: 106. [
DOI]
10. Eyshi E, Khosravizadeh O, Maleki A, et al. Factors, drivers and barriers to improving hospital cost management: a systematic review. Jhosp 2022; 21(2): 76-91. (Persian) [
Article]
11. Shepard DH, Hodgkin D, Anthony Y. Analysis of hospital costs: a manual for managers. World Health Organization, 2000. [
Article]
12. World Health Organization. Global spending on health: Weathering the storm. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. [
Article]
13. Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. National Health Spending by type of service and source of funds, CY 1960–2024 [Internet]. [Accessed 29 Oct, 2025]. [
Article]
14. Statistical Center of Iran. Annual inflation calculator [Internet]. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran; 2019-2023. (Persian) [
Article]
15. Statistical Center of Iran. Consumer Price Index of urban households (monthly inflation, point-to-point, annual inflation) [Internet]. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran; 2025. (Persian) [
Article]
16. Mirnezami SR, Rajabi S, Maleki A. Economic damage and sectors’ value-added losses in Iran under COVID-19 lockdown scenarios. Iran Econ Rev 2024; 28(2): 555-578. [
DOI]
17. Mohammadi F, Mohebbi-Zarrindarreh A, Rezayat-mand R. The trend of current cost structure in the selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2011-2020. jha 2022; 25(2): 26-44. [
DOI]
18. Rezaee M, Shahbazifard M, Darabi AH, et al. Financial indicators of public autonomous hospitals: a case study in Bushehr Province in 2021. Iranian South Med J 2023; 26(2): 114-126. [
DOI]
19. American Hospital Association. The cost of caring: challenges facing America’s hospitals in 2025. Chicago (IL): American Hospital Association; 2025. [
Article]
20. Tran PT, Vo TQ, Huynh DTP, et al. Medical services for a provincial hospital in Vietnam: cost analysis for data management. J Clin Diagn Res 2018; 12(5): IC01-IC05. [
DOI]
21. Mohamadi E, Takian A, Olyaee Manesh A, et al. Evaluating the Efficiency of Public Hospitals in Iran: A Comparative Study Using Extended Data Envelopment Analysis, 2012-2016. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System 2023; 11(4): 736-749. [
DOI]
22. Omranikhoo H, Shahbazifard M, Ardaneh M, et al. Retrospective or prospective reimbursement systems: evaluating the efficiency of the global payment system in public hospitals in Bushehr Province. Iranian South Med J 2025; 28 (3) :688-713. [
DOI]