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Mental Retardation (MR) is a major complex medical and health problem affecting at least 3-4 percent of world total population. Genetic causes at both the chromosomal and molecular (DNA) level accounts for around 50 per cent of all MR cases. To investigate the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities among mental retarded school age children of Bushehr, 100 mentally retarded school age pupils attending five special training schools aged 10-18 years old were studied using standard Q & G banding techniques. Karyotypes were prepared according to ISCN nomenclature at the 350 bands level. From 96 successfully karyotyped pupils, 25 chomosomal abnormalities were identified in which trisomy 21 was the most frequent abnormality (19 cases). The other observed abnormalities were inversion 9q (two cases), 46,XX+M(one case), 47,XXX/46,XX (one case), 46,XY+15/13 (one case) and one case of 47,XXY/46,XY. In conclusion, the overall frequency of chromosomal abnormalities among mental retarded children in Bushehr/Iran is similar to the majority of the West European and Middle Eastern countries and should attract similar health and medical attention & preventive approaches.

Keywords: karyotype, mental retardation, IQ, down syndrome, Q & G banding, chromosomal analysis

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