Volume 20, Issue 4 (Iranian South Medical Journal 2017)                   Iran South Med J 2017, 20(4): 362-369 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print


1- Health and Treatment Network,Tangestan, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences ,Bushehr, Iran
2- Isfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Teahran, Iran , Jafari_r@farabi.tums.ac.ir
3- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Abstract:   (4671 Views)
Background: Tangistan County now is considered as one of the foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bushehr province. Rodents are the primary parasites reservoir of this disease (Leishmania major), and so far four of them have been identified as the main sources of the disease in the country. This research aimed to identify these rodents species and to determine the extent of contamination by Leishmania in Tangistan County.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study, and the sample rodents were collected by using live traps. The captured rodents were identified based on their morphological characteristics by using valid detection keys.The captured rodents were anesthetized with chloroform, and then two smears were prepared from each subject by sanding method from each ear. Smears were dried and fixed with methanol. Finally, the smears were stained using standard Giemsa method and observed under the light microscope.
Results: From the total of 187 collected samples from rodents, nine species were identified. Tatera indica with 70.6% was the dominant species. In this study, there were no rodents contaminated with Leishmania. All captured rodents were contaminated with lice and fleas. The primarily reported ectoparasites were fleas, mainly from xenopsylla cheopis and xenopsylla astia species.
Conclusion: This study shows a high frequency of Tatera indica in this Tangistan county; also the previous studies have reported this species as the primary source of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the same region (southwestern Iran). Hence, Tatera indica could be considered as the main source for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the future.
 
Full-Text [PDF 471 kb]   (1267 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original | Subject: Parasitology
Received: 2016/10/31 | Accepted: 2017/02/27 | Published: 2017/08/27

References
1. temad E. Mammals of Iran. Vol 1: Rodents and key to their identification. Tehran: National Society of Natural Sources and Human Environment Protection Publications, 1978, 288. (Persian)
2. Sepidar AA. Rats and mouse behavior and their control. 1th ed. Tehran: Samiran press, 1991, 258. (Persian)
3. Sedaghat MM. Recognition and commensal rodent. 1th ed. Tehran: Industry and jobs city organizing press, 2009, 186. (Persian)
4. Shirzadi MR. Cutaneous leishmaniasis control guideline in Iran. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education Publications, 2012, 112. (Persian)
5. Asgari Nezhad H, Mirzaie M, Sharifi I, et al. The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in school children in southwestern Iran, 2009. Comp Clin Pathol 2012; 21(5): 1065-9. [DOI:10.1007/s00580-011-1230-7]
6. Carnaúba D Jr, Konishi CT, Petri V, et al. Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis similar to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a Brazilian AIDS patient infected with Leishmania infantum chagasi: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13(6): 504-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.01.022]
7. Singh S. New developments in diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123(3): 311-30.
8. GonzálezU, Pinart M, Reveiz L, et al. Intervention for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 8(4): CD005067 [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005067.pub3]
9. Shirzadi MR, Esfahania SB, Mohebalia M, et al . Epidemiological status of leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1983-2012. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2015; 21(10): 736-42. [DOI:10.26719/2015.21.10.736]
10. Yaghoobi-Ershadi M. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Iran and their role on Leishmania transmission. J Arthropod-Borne Dis 2012; 6(1): 1-17.
11. Edrissian GH, Zovein Z, Nadim A. A simple technique for preparation of smears from the ear of Rhombomys opimus for the detection of leishmanial infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1982; 76(5): 706-7. [DOI:10.1016/0035-9203(82)90255-3]
12. Tajedin L, Rassi Y, Oshaghi M, et al. Study on Ectoparasites of Rhombomys opimus in Endemic Foci in Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis 2009; 3(1): 41-5.
13. Javadian E, Dehestani M, Nadim A, et al. Confirmation of Tatera indica as the main reservoir host of ZCL in the west of Iran. Iran J Publ Health 1998; 27(1-2): 55-60.
14. Jafari R, Dehghani Tafti AA, Ehrampoosh M H, et al. A faunestic study of rodents in Yazd with emphasis on rural reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Shaheed Sadoughi U Med Sci Health Serv 2008; 15(4): 59-63. (Persian)
15. Marvi Moghaddam N. Studies on epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis for the preparation of control program in some parts of the new focus of khatam county, Yazd province, Iran [dissertation]. Tehran: TUMS Univ., 2007. (Persian)
16. Solimani H. Study on the present status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Ardestan, Isfahan province, Iran [dissertation]. Tehran: TUMS Univ., 2016. (Persian)
17. Nadim A, Seyedi-Rashti MA, Mesghali A. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkemen Sahara, Iran. J Trop Med Hyg1977; 71(9): 238-9.
18. Javadian E. Reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Proceeding of the 12th International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. 1988 Sep. 18-23, Amsterdam . New York : Ezcerpta Medica 1988.
19. Mostafavi E, Parvizi P, Esmaeili S, et al. Investigation of the rodent fauna and the infection status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in some regions western Iran. J Vet Lab Res 2012; 4(1): 82. (Persian)
20. Mohammadi S, Sheikhizadeh Aval H. Study on rodent fauna of Ferdows county. Exp Anim Biol 2016; 5(1): 93-103. (Persian) Gholipoory M, Rezai HR, Namroodi S, et al. Prevalence of Leishmaniasis in rodent's fauna in turkmen Sahra, Iran. Med Lab J 2015; 9(3): 146-50. (Persian)
21. Parvizi P, Javadian E, Rasi E, et al. Study on vectors and reservoires of cutaneous Leshmaniasis in Turkmen Sahra, Golestan province, north-eastern Iran. J Modarres Uni Med Sci 1998; 1(3): 129-125. (Persian)
22. Nadim A, Seyedi Rashti MA, Mesghali A. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkeman Sahara, Iran. J Trop Med and Hyg 1968; 71(9): 238-9.
23. Azizi K, Davari B, Kalantari M, et al. Gerbillid Rodents Fauna (Muridae: Gerbillinae) and detection of reservoir hosts(s) of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis using a Nested-PCR technique in Jask City in Hormozgan Province in 2008. Scientific J Kurdistan Uni Med Sci (SJKU) 2011; 16(2): 66-76. (Persian)
24. Desjeux Ph, Organization WH. Information on the epidemiology and control of the leishmaniases by country or Territory. geneva: WHO/LEISH 1991, 47.
25. Ibrahim EA, Mustafa MB, Al Amir SA, et al. Meriones libycus (Rodentia: Gerbillidae) a possible reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994; 88(1): 39. [DOI:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90488-X]

Rights and Permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.