دوره 24، شماره 4 - ( دو ماهنامه طب جنوب 1400 )
جلد 24 شماره 4 صفحات 340-300 |
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Mohebbi G H. Stonefish (Synanceja spp.) from A to Z and their Envenomation: a Review. Iran South Med J 2021; 24 (4) :300-340
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-1502-fa.html
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-1502-fa.html
محبی غلامحسین. توکسینولوژی سنگ ماهی(Synanceja spp.) ، از الف تا یاء: یک مطالعه مروری. مجله طب جنوب. 1400; 24 (4) :300-340
مرکز تحقیقات زیست فناوری دریایی خلیج‌فارس، پژوهشکده علوم زیست پزشکی خلیج‌فارس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران ، mohebbihsn@yahoo.com
چکیده: (3955 مشاهده)
اعتقاد بر این است که سنگ ماهی، زهرآگین‌ترین، خطرناک‌ترین و حتی کشنده‌ترین ماهی برای انسان و جانوران است که تاکنون در جهان شناخته شده است. دستگاه زهری آن‌ها شامل 13-12 هیپودرمیک پشتی، دو پلیویک و سه خار مقعدی است که حاوی زهر هستند. خارهای سینهای تزئینی بوده و زهری نیستند. زهر آن‌ها حاوی مخلوطی از پروتئین‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی نظیر استونوستوکسین، تراکینیلیزین، وروکوتوکسین و نئووروتوکسین با فعالیتهای بیولوژیک و مکانیسم‌های سمیت مختلف است. آن‌ها با مکانیسم‌های گوناگونی، بر روی گیرنده‌ها و کانال‌های یونی عمل می‌کنند و موجب عوارض برجسته موضعی و سیستمیک در جانوران تلقیح شده با زهر می‌شوند. بیشتر پروتکل‌های معمولی مدیریت مسمومیت شامل احیای اولیه، تسکین علائم درد با آب گرم (45 درجه سانتیگراد)، کاربرد آنتی ونوم برای رفع علائم موضعی سیستمیک یا شدید و برداشتن تیغ‌ها یا دیگر اجسام خارجی با جراحی میباشند. توصیه‌های متعددی در مورد استفاده از غوطه‌وری ارگان مورد تهاجم در آب داغ، به عنوان یک اقدام اولیه وجود دارد. آنتیبیوتیکها در زخمهای عمیق به دلیل شیوع زیاد زخم به همراه، نکروز و عفونتهای ثانویه، پیشنهاد میگردند. مانند هر چیز دیگری، پیشگیری بهتر از درمان است و باید در آبهای مناطقی که سنگماهی وجود دارند، کفش پوشید و آگاهانه قدم برداشت.
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