Volume 27, Issue 1 (Iranian South Medical Journal 2024)
Iran South Med J 2024, 27(1): 99-122 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Pourgholam M, Mahmoudpour M, Nabipour I. Razi's Scientific Approaches to Surgical Sciences in Al-Hawi. Iran South Med J 2024; 27 (1) :99-122
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-1986-en.html
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-1986-en.html
1- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
2- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
3- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Future Studies Group, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran ,inabipour@gmail.com
2- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
3- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Future Studies Group, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran ,
Abstract: (673 Views)
Background: Razi is one of the greatest physicians in the history of medicine, and his book, Al-Hawi, is one of the most reliable medical resources. The structure of Al-Hawi is such that in each section, Razi expresses the opinion of his predecessors and contemporary physicians after mentioning the name of each physician and also expresses his first-hand experiences after the phrase “My View”. To date, ten original papers have explored the surgical points raised in Razi’s works; however, none of these studies have extensively reviewed the entire scientific approach of Razi to surgical sciences in Al-Hawi.
Materials and Methods: The source of the present library research was the original text of Al-Hawi compiled by Ehsan Moqaddas and its Persian translation by Mohammad Ibrahim Zaker. In this study, Razi’s views, which are discussed in the "My View" sections, were collected, and his ideas about the principles and knowledge of surgery were investigated.
Results: A total of 48 topics in surgical sciences were found in Al-Hawi, most of which (23 out of 48) were in the therapeutic domain, and ophthalmic surgery was the most frequently-discussed topic (in 12 out of 48). In 26 (54%) of the cases, Razi addressed the topic independently, without discussing any opinions from his predecessors or contemporary physicians.
Conclusion: Not only did Razi have a comprehensive understanding of the position, precautions, necessary subtleties and contraindications of surgical measures, but also in various examples, he presented original ideas on diagnosis and treatment with regard to topics in surgery.
Materials and Methods: The source of the present library research was the original text of Al-Hawi compiled by Ehsan Moqaddas and its Persian translation by Mohammad Ibrahim Zaker. In this study, Razi’s views, which are discussed in the "My View" sections, were collected, and his ideas about the principles and knowledge of surgery were investigated.
Results: A total of 48 topics in surgical sciences were found in Al-Hawi, most of which (23 out of 48) were in the therapeutic domain, and ophthalmic surgery was the most frequently-discussed topic (in 12 out of 48). In 26 (54%) of the cases, Razi addressed the topic independently, without discussing any opinions from his predecessors or contemporary physicians.
Conclusion: Not only did Razi have a comprehensive understanding of the position, precautions, necessary subtleties and contraindications of surgical measures, but also in various examples, he presented original ideas on diagnosis and treatment with regard to topics in surgery.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
History of Medicine. Medical Miscellany
Received: 2024/09/8 | Accepted: 2024/09/23 | Published: 2024/10/28
Received: 2024/09/8 | Accepted: 2024/09/23 | Published: 2024/10/28
References
1. Nabipour I. Darab Mpshtaghi, a teachfull manifestation of Zakaria Razi's ethics. Iran South Med J, 2024. (Persian) [DOI]
2. Najmabadi M. Bibliographie de Rhazes. Tehran: Tehran University; 1992. (persian) [Article]
3. Mohaghegh, M. Philosopher of Rey. Tehran: Society for the Appreciation of cultural works and dignitaries; 1989. (Persian) [Article]
4. Moqaddas E. Razi's Books and articles. Tehran: Safir e Ardehal; 2019. (Persian) [Article]
5. Ince F, Mahlooji K, Keskinbora KH, et al. Rhazes’ (865– 925 CE) contribution to surgery in Liber Almansoris. Acta Chir Belg 2023; 123(2): 212-7. [DOI]
6. Zaker ME. Translation of Al-hawi. Tehran: chogan; 2015. (Persian) [Article]
7. Kalantar-Hormozi A. A brief history of plastic surgery in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2013; 16(3): 201-6. [Article]
8. Tsoucalas G, Karamanou M, Koutsilieris M, et al. The arabo-islamic contribution to the development of surgical instruments. Arch Balk Med: :union:: 2016; 51(1): 95-7. [Article]
9. Shariat Panahi S. Principles and techniques of Tumor surgery in medicine of Islamic era (From the third century to twelfth A.H), History of Medicin Journal 2015; 7(22), 133-168. (persian) [Article]
10. Changizi Ashtiyani S, Shamsi M, Cyrus A, et al. A Critical Review of the Works of Pioneer Physicians on Kidney Diseases in Ancient Iran Avicenna, Rhazes, AlAkhawayni, and Jorjani. Iran J Kidney Dis 2011; 5(5): 300-8. [Article]
11. Aminian A, Zaboli E, Yousefi SS. Breast Cancer, a Well-treated Medical Issue by Rhazes. Journal of Res Hist Med 2019; 8(2): 129-32. [Article]
12. Kajbafzadeh A. Urology in Asia–Iran. Int J Urol 2011; 18(5): 340. [DOI]
13. Aciduman A, Polat H, Askit Ç, et al. On The Fractures and Dislocations of The Spine in Rhazes’Kitab AlḤawi/Liber Continens. J Turk Spinal Surg 2017; 28(3): 205-14. [Article]
14. Azimuddin K. Comments on the article, “selected techniques of anal fistula surgery from antiquity through the early 20th century”. Dis Colon Rectum 2017; 60(12): e640. [DOI]
15. Goodrich JT. A medieval approach to head injuries from the golden era of Islamic medicine from the writings of Abn Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya al-RaziRhazes (865-925). World neurosurg 2014; 82(6): 1045-7. [DOI]
16. Nabipour i. Siraf school of medicine. 2004, Bushehr university of medical sciences. (Persian) [Article]
17. Behbehani AM. Rhazes: the original portrayer of smallpox. JAMA 1984; 252(22): 3156-9. [Article]
18. Nayernouri T. Zakariya Razi: the Iranian physician and scholar. Arch Iran Med. 2008. [Article]
19. Savage-Smith E. The practice of surgery in Islamic lands: myth and reality. Soc Hist Med 2000; 13(2): 307-21. [DOI]
20. Álvarez-Millán C. Practice versus theory: tenth-century case histories from the Islamic Middle East. Soc Hist Med 2000; 13(2): 293-306. [DOI]
21. Kudur MH, Pai SB, Sripathi H, Prabhu S. Sutures and suturing techniques in skin closure. Indian j Dermatol Venereaol leprol 2009; 75(4): 425-34. [DOI]
22. Jones JS, Gartner M, Drew G, et al. The shorthand vertical mattress stitch: evaluation of a new suture technique. Am J Emerg Med 1993; 11(5): 483-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(93)90090-x [DOI]
23. Dietz UA, Kuhfuß I, Debus E-S, et al. Mario Donati and the vertical mattress suture of the skin. World J Surg 2006; 30(2): 141-8. [DOI]
24. Mariotti SP, Pascolini D, Rose-Nussbaumer J. Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93(5): 563-8. [DOI]
25. Feibel RM. Herbert Herbert: his corneal pits and scleral slits. Ophthalmology 2014; 121(5): 1142-8. [DOI]
26. Lombardo M. Recession of limbal conjunctiva: an operation for treatment of trachomatous pannus. Am J Ophthalmol 1947; 30(9): 1109-13. [DOI]
27. Maheshwari A, Finger PT. Cancers of the eye. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37(4): 677-90. [DOI]
28. Char D, Crawford JB, Howes E, et al. Resection of intraocular squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1992; 76(2): 123-5. [DOI]
29. Lemaître S, Lecler A, Lévy-Gabriel C, et al. Evisceration and ocular tumors: What are the consequences? J Fr Ophtalmol 2017; 40(2): 93-101. [DOI]
30. Ghiasian L, Samavat B, Hadi Y, et al. Recurrent pterygium: a review. J curr Ophthalmol 2021; 33(4): 367- 78. [DOI]
31. Kodavoor SK, Preethi V, Dandapani R. Profile of complications in pterygium surgery-A retrospective analysis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69(7): 1697-701. [DOI]
32. Lubbad A, Giarmoukakis A, Skatharoudi C, et al. longterm results of pterygium excision using different surgical techniques: A retrospective study. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 8(1): 629. [DOI]
33. Boulos PR, Rubin PA. A lacrimal sac abscess incision and drainage technique. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126(9): 1297-300. [DOI]
34. Katzel EB, Basile P, Koltz PF, et al. Current surgical practices in cleft care: cleft palate repair techniques and postoperative care. Plast reconstr surg 2009; 124(3): 899-906. [DOI]
35. Pujol G, Riera March A. Cleft Lip Repair. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing [Internet], 2024 Jan– . [Article]
36. Johannsson HÖ, Påhlman L, Graf W. Functional and structural abnormalities after milligan hemorrhoidectomy: a comparison with healthy subjects. Dis colon rectum 2013; 56(7): 903-8. [DOI]
37. .Pucciani F. Post-surgical fecal incontinence. Updates Surg 2018; 70(4): 477-84. [DOI]
38. Chen J-S, You J-F. Current status of surgical treatment for hemorrhoids--systematic review and metaanalysis. Chang Gung Med J 2010; 33(5): 488-500. [Article]
39. Cheetham M, Phillips R. Evidence‐based practice in haemorrhoidectomy. Colorectal Dis 2001; 3(2): 126- 34. [DOI]
40. Lee K-C, Liu C-C, Hu W-H, et al. Risk of delayed bleeding after hemorrhoidectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34(2): 247-53. [DOI]
41. Geersen DF, Shortell CE. Phlebectomy techniques for varicose veins. Surg Clin North Am 2018; 98(2): 401- 14. [DOI]
42. Tabatabaei SM, Kalantar AJ. The principles of using old and manuscripts in writing new articles. Research in Medicine 2010; 33(3): 129-135. (Persian) [Article]
43. Stehbens W. History of aneurysms. Med Hist 1958; 2(4): 274-80. [DOI]
44. Kuo S-H, Lee Y-T, Li C-R, et al. Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score as a prognostic indicator in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31(6): 916-21. [DOI]
45. Lardière-Deguelte S, Ragot E, Amroun K, et al. Hepatic abscess: diagnosis and management. J visc surg 2015; 152(4): 231-43. [DOI]
46. Hope WW, Vrochides DV, Newcomb WL, et al. Optimal treatment of hepatic abscess. Am Surg 2008; 74(2): 178-82. [Article]
47. Nolan VC, Harrison J, Cox JA. Dissecting the antimicrobial composition of honey. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8(4): 251. [DOI]
48. McFadzean A, Chang K, Wong C. Solitary pyogenic abscess of the liver treated by closed aspiration and antibiotics: a report of 14 consecutive cases with recovery. Br J Surg 1953; 41(166): 141-52. [DOI]
49. Akinci D, Akhan O, Ozmen MN, et al. Percutaneous drainage of 300 intraperitoneal abscesses with longterm follow-up. Cardiovasc intervent radiol 2005; 28: 744-50. [DOI]
50. Shah P, Goel M, Jadhav VLB, et al. Percutaneous Catheter Drainage of Liver Abscess-A Best Minimally Invasive Procedure. Int J Med Rev Case Rep 2021; 5(7): 78-82. [DOI]
51. Bhatia M, Ali M. Ruptured liver abscess: analysis of 50 cases. Med J Dr DY Patil Univ 2017; 10(6): 532-5. [Article]
52. Singh A, Paruthy SB, Kuraria V, et al. A Comprehensive Study on Ruptured Liver Abscess in a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2024; 16(7): e64526. [DOI]
53. Jones CM, Eaton FB. The prognostic significance of a spontaneous diuresis in acute or subacute disease of the liver. N Engl J Med 1935; 213(19): 907-18. [DOI]
54. Raoufi M, Abedtash H, Mohagheghzadeh A. The historical background of plaster cast. Arch Iran Med 2017; 20(7): 461-4. [Article]
55. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery 2-volume set 11th edition. McGraw Hill/ Medical, 2019. URL: https://www.mhprofessional.com/schwartz-s-principles-of-surgery-absite-and-board-review-11th-edition9781260469752-usa [Article]
56. Najmabadi M. History of medicine in Iran: from the rise of Islam to the Mongol invasion. Tehran: Tehran University publication, 2014. (Persian) URL: https://ketab.ir/book/8d968f6c-2811-449b-85cfe458b7f062f6 [Article]
57. Kraus, P. “Raziana II.” Orientalia, Peeters Publishers. vol. 5, 1936, pp. 35–56. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43582581 [Article]
58. Cameron JL. William Stewart Halsted: our surgical heritage. Ann surg 1997; 225(5): 445. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199705000-00002 [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and Permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
