Volume 27, Issue 6 (Iran South Med J 2025)
Iran South Med J 2025, 27(6): 454-472 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rezaei Orimi J, Mojahedi M, Saghebi R. Investigating the Therapeutic Applications of Persian Gulf Pearls in Traditional Iranian Medicine (a Review Study). Iran South Med J 2025; 27 (6) :454-472
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-2172-en.html
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-2172-en.html
1- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Mizaj Health Research Institute (MHRI), Tehran, Iran
3- Department of IranianTraditional Medicine,School of Medicine,Shahed University,Tehran, Iran ,rsaghebi@gmail.com
2- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Mizaj Health Research Institute (MHRI), Tehran, Iran
3- Department of IranianTraditional Medicine,School of Medicine,Shahed University,Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (187 Views)
Background: Persian Gulf pearls, a valuable natural resource, have long held a prominent place in traditional Iranian medicine. The aim of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic applications of Persian Gulf pearls in traditional Iranian medicine and to uncover its novel medical uses.
Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted using library.
Results: The findings show that pearls are classified based on their physical characteristics: color, size and shape, as well as factors affecting their quality. Specific methods for their maintenance and use have also been documented. Persian Gulf pearls have been used to treat a wide range of conditions, including eye disorders, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, oral and dental issues, skin ailments and as an antidote to various toxins. The results of this research show that pearls possess a considerable potential for further research in modern medicine.
Conclusion: Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of pearls, along with clinical evaluation, can pave the way for the development of natural and effective treatments. However, comprehensive clinical studies are essential to scientifically validate these traditional claims.
Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted using library.
Results: The findings show that pearls are classified based on their physical characteristics: color, size and shape, as well as factors affecting their quality. Specific methods for their maintenance and use have also been documented. Persian Gulf pearls have been used to treat a wide range of conditions, including eye disorders, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, oral and dental issues, skin ailments and as an antidote to various toxins. The results of this research show that pearls possess a considerable potential for further research in modern medicine.
Conclusion: Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of pearls, along with clinical evaluation, can pave the way for the development of natural and effective treatments. However, comprehensive clinical studies are essential to scientifically validate these traditional claims.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
History of Medicine. Medical Miscellany
Received: 2025/04/12 | Accepted: 2025/06/9 | Published: 2025/07/22
Received: 2025/04/12 | Accepted: 2025/06/9 | Published: 2025/07/22
References
1. Barroso MD. Pearl, An Ancient Antidote of Eastern Origin. Toxicology in Antiquity; 2019, 401-10p. [Article]
2. Kunz GF, Stevenson CH. The book of the pearl. The History, Art, Science and Industry of the Queen of Gems. New York: Dover Publications Inc; 1993. [Article]
3. Schluter J, Ratsch C. Perlen und Perlmutt. Hamburg: Ellert& Richter; 1999. [Article]
4. Mohsen MD. Dictionary of Gems and Gemology. Berlin: Springer; 2008. [Article]
5. Avicenna. Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine). Tehran: Safir Ardahal; 2014. [Article]
6. Rhazes M. Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb (The Liber Continens). Tehran: Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital's Educational, Research, and Treatment Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases; 2022. [Article]
7. Qayyem B ,Sohrabi T, Saki Mofrad S. Tejarat Morvarid Dar Savahel Shomali Khalij Fars Doran Qajar. Jondishapoor 2016; 2(5): 92-103 (Persian) [Article]
8. Carter R. The History and Prehistory of Pearling in Persian Gulf. Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient 2005; 48(2): 139-209. [Article]
9. Burdett A. Records of the Persian Gulf Pearl Fisheries 1857–1962. Cambridge Archive Editions Ltd; 1995. [Article]
10. Moghaddasi M. Ahsan al-Taghasim fi Marefat alAghalim. Beyrot: Dar ol-Ehya al-Toras al-Arabi; 1987. [Article]
11. Estakhri A. Masalek va Mamalek. Tehran: Bongah Tarjomeh va Nashr Ketab; 1961. [Article]
12. Sadid al-Saltanah Kababi M. Pearl fishing (AlMenas Fi Ahval al-Qoos va al-Qavvas). Tehran: Cultural Heritage Publications; 2002. (Persian) [Article]
13. Sharafi M, Alijani M. Analysis of Pearl Fishing and Sale in the Persian Gulf Based on Geographical Texts of the Third to Eighth Centuries AH. Biannual Research Journal of Iran Local Histories 2021; 10(1): 53-72. (Persian) [DOI]
14. Hodood al-Alam Men al-Mashregh elal Maghreb (By the efforts of Manouchehr Sotoudeh). Tehran: Tahoori; 1983. [Article]
15. Edrisi M. Iran Dar Ketab Nozhat ol-Moshtagh Fi Ekhteragh ol-Afagh (Translated by Abdolmohammad Ayati). Tehran: Iranology Foundation; 2009. (Persian) [Article]
16. Aghili Alavi Shirazi S. Makhzan al-advieh. Tehran: Safir Ardahal; 2010. (Persian) [Article]
17. Moin M. Persian Dictionary Moin. Tehran: Farhang Mahrookh; 2003. (Persian) [Article]
18. Tousi K. Tansookh name Ilkhani. Tehran: Ettelahat Publication 1984. (Persian) [Article]
19. Johari Neishabori M. Javahernameh Nezami. Tehran: Miras Maktoob; 2004. (Persian) [Article]
20. Dehkhoda A. Dehkhoda Dictionary. Tehran: University of Tehran Press; 1946. (Persian) [Article]
21. Hakim Mo'men Tonekaboni M. Tohfat-ulmo’menin. Tehran: Safir Ardahal; 2007. (Persian) [Article]
22. Al-Heravi M. Al-Abnieh An Haghayegh Al-Advieh (Edited by Ahmad Bahmanyar). Tehran: Tehran University Publication; 2016. (Persian) [Article]
23. Ibn al-Nafis A. Al-Shamil fi al-Sina'ah al-Tibbiyah (The Comprehensive Book of Medical Sciences). Tehran: Safir Ardahal; 2008. (Persian) [Article]
24. Nazim Jahan MA. Mohit Azam. In: Esfahani MM, editor Tehran: Institute for the Study of the History of Medicine, Islamic Medicine, and Complementary Medicine; 2010 (Persian) [Article]
25. Ibn Baytar A. Al-jaame'u li-mufradaat al-adwiyah wa al-aghdhiyah. Tehran: Nilobarg; 2015. (Persian) [Article]
26. Kashani A .Ara'is al-Jawahar wa N afa'is alAta'ib. Tehran: Al-Ma'ei; 2007. (Persian) [Article]
27. Intaki D. Tadhkira-ye Owla-ye al-Abab va al-Jamiʿ li-l-ʿAjab al-ʿAjab. FrankFurt: Johann Wolfgang Goeth University; 1997. [Article]
28. Adib D. Comprehensive Gemology Dictionary. Tehran: Pazineh 2013. (Persian) [Article]
29. Aghili Alavi Shirazi S. Kholase ol-hekmah. Tehran: Ismaeel Nazem Press; 2017 . (Persian) [Article]
30. Nafisi A. Farhange Nafisi. Tehran: Sherkat Sahami Chap Rangin; 1939. (Persian) [Article]
31. Hedayat R. Farhange Anjumane Araye Naseri. Tehran: Kitabfurushiye Eslamiyeh. (Persian) [Article]
32. Khoshzaban F, Haji-Ali-Nili N, Mahmoud J, et al. Review of dry eye disease and its treatment in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Tārīkh-i pizishkī 2016; 8(27): 29-46. (Persian) [DOI]
33. Qazvini Z. Ajaeb al-Makhlooghat va Gharaeb AlMojodat. Tehran: Safir Ardahal; 2013. (Persian) [Article]
34. Yūsufī Hirawī Y. Riyāḍ al-adwīyah. Tehran: Zaeem; 2012. [Article]
35. Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporosis Int 2016; 27(1): 367-76. [DOI]
36. Nasiri E, Orimi JR, Hashemimehr M, et al. Avicenna’s clinical toxicology approach and beneficial materia medica against oral poisoning. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97(4): 981-9. [DOI]
37. Tai V, Leung W, Grey A, et al. Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2015; 29(351): h4183. [DOI]
38. Song Y, Chen W, Fu K, et al. The Application of Pearls in Traditional Medicine of China and Their Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Research. Front pharmacol 2022; 23(13): 893229. [DOI]
39. X. M. Hu. Chinese Materia Medica (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press; 1999. [Article]
40. Zhang FC. Clinical pharmacy (Chinese Edition). Beijing: China Medical Science and Technology Press; 2018. [Article]
41. Abbasnejad F, Bateni G, Khalili M, Seyyed Shouri A, Esmaili Parapari S. Belief in the Influence of Celestial Bodies on Human Health in Ancient Chinies Medicine and Khta (A Review of the Book "Tansookh Nameh"). Tārīkh-i pizishkī 2014; 6(20): 83- 107.(Persian) [Article]
42. Rezaei Orimi J, Moradi Mansour S. Introduction and Critique of the Paper "The Impact of Iranians on Chinese Medical Beliefs via Religions". Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2024; 17(1): 180-6. (Persian) [DOI]
43. Kavyani Pooya H. Review Iran's relations with China and its impact on the medical-pharmaceutical achievements and products in ancient era. Tārīkh-i pizishkī 2017; 7(22): 31-72. (Persian) [Article]
44. Ahansazan R, Kazemi AH, Karimi M, et al. Investigating Medical Parallels between Two Works of Mythology and Epics; Ferdosi’s Shanameh from Iran and Fēng Shén Yǎn Yì from China. J Res Hist Med 2016; 5(4). [Article]
45. Kavyani Pooya H. The Impact of Iranians on Chinese Medical Beliefs via Religions. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2017 9(5): 13-24. (Persian) [Article]
46. Yang L, Fan L, Lin X, et al. Pearl Powder Hybrid Bioactive Scaffolds from Microfluidic 3D Printing for Bone Regeneration. Adv Sci 2023; 10(34): e2304190. [DOI]
47. Li X, Xu P, Cheng Y, et al. Nano-pearl powder/chitosan-hyaluronic acid porous composite scaffold and preliminary study of its osteogenesis mechanism. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 111: 110749. [Article]
48. Wang R. Pearl powder bio-coating and patterning by electrophoretic deposition. J Mater Sci 2004; 39(15): 4961-4. [DOI]
49. Evans JA, Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Involvement of Nrf2 Activation and NF-kB Pathway Inhibition in the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hesperetin in Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells. Brain sci 2023;13(8): 1144. [DOI]
50. Yang H-L, Korivi M, Lin M-K, et al. Antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of pearl powder against 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis and oxidative damage to erythrocyte membrane lipids and proteins. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25(4): 898-907. [Article]
51. Pourgholam M, Mahmoudpour M, Nabipour I. Razi's Scientific Approaches to Surgical Sciences in Al-Hawi. Iran South Med J 2024; 27(1): 99-122. (Persian) [DOI]
52. Zare M, Nabipour I. Oannes (Adapa): The Mesopotamian Sage in Pasargad. Iran South Med J 2022; 25(1): 80-92. (Persian) [DOI]
53. Tagore RW. Mani-Mala, Part 1: Or A Treatise On Gems. Montana: Kessinger Publishing; 2008. [Article]
54. Orta AG. Coloquio dos Simples, e drogas he cousas medicinais da India. Goa: Ioannes de Endem; 1563. [Article]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and Permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
