Volume 28, Issue 2 (Iran South Med J 2025)
Iran South Med J 2025, 28(2): 599-610 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Zad F, Nazari R, Aghaee S S. Molecular Investigation of AdeIJK Efflux Pump Genes in Extensively Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii and their Associa-tion with Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Iran South Med J 2025; 28 (2) :599-610
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-2271-en.html
URL: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-2271-en.html
1- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, School of Science and New Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
2- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, School of Science and New Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran ,Razieh.nazari@iau.ac.ir
2- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, School of Science and New Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran ,
Abstract: (130 Views)
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii causes numerous therapeutic problems in patients due to the presence of various effective factors that facilitate antibiotic resistance such as efflux pumps, beta-lactamase and the ability to form a strong biofilm. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of AdeIJK efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii with extensive drug resistance and evaluation of its relationship with antimicrobial resistance.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined 81 clinical isolates of A. baumannii with extensive drug resistance for the presence of adeI, adeJ, and adeK genes using PCR. Then, the relationship between the presence of each of these genes and the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was evaluated. The results were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test in SPSS software (Version 16).
Results: In the present study, the rates of resistance to polymyxin, colistin and tobramycin were observed to be 15.6%, 42.74%, and 48.9%, respectively. Among 81 extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii isolates, 69 isolates (85.18%) carried adeI gene, 76 isolates (93.82%) carried adeJ gene, 71 isolates (87.65%) carried adeK gene. Moreover, 95% of the isolates had at least two genes from the AdeIJK efflux pump, which is consistent with the extensively drug-resistant
phenotype of the isolates.
Conclusion: The results showed that more than 97% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with extensive drug resistance were resistant to most antibiotics and more than 80% of them also had AdeIJK pump genes. Therefore, adopting appropriate strategies for the control and treatment of hospital infections is essential to prevent the spread of these genes.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined 81 clinical isolates of A. baumannii with extensive drug resistance for the presence of adeI, adeJ, and adeK genes using PCR. Then, the relationship between the presence of each of these genes and the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was evaluated. The results were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test in SPSS software (Version 16).
Results: In the present study, the rates of resistance to polymyxin, colistin and tobramycin were observed to be 15.6%, 42.74%, and 48.9%, respectively. Among 81 extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii isolates, 69 isolates (85.18%) carried adeI gene, 76 isolates (93.82%) carried adeJ gene, 71 isolates (87.65%) carried adeK gene. Moreover, 95% of the isolates had at least two genes from the AdeIJK efflux pump, which is consistent with the extensively drug-resistant
phenotype of the isolates.
Conclusion: The results showed that more than 97% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with extensive drug resistance were resistant to most antibiotics and more than 80% of them also had AdeIJK pump genes. Therefore, adopting appropriate strategies for the control and treatment of hospital infections is essential to prevent the spread of these genes.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Bacteriology
Received: 2025/07/13 | Accepted: 2025/09/28 | Published: 2025/11/22
Received: 2025/07/13 | Accepted: 2025/09/28 | Published: 2025/11/22
References
1. Pompilio A, Scribano D, Sarshar M, et al. Gram-negative bacteria holding together in a biofilm:The Acinetobacter baumannii way. Microorganisms 2021; 9(7): 1353-1360. [Article]
2. Saleh Nia Samak A, Nojoomi F. Phenotypic study of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in patient's reffered to a military hospital in guilan province. Cellular and Molecular Research 2020; 32(4): 454-458. (Persian) [Article]
3. Magiorakos AP, Srinivassan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pan drugre-sistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 268-281. [DOI]
4. Ghanipour F, Nazari R, Aghaei ss, et al. Effect of lipopeptide extracted from Bacillus licheniformison the expression of bap and luxI genes in multi‑drug‑resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amino Acids 2023; 55(12): 1891-1907. [DOI]
5. Coyne S, Courvalin P, Périchon B. Efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55(3): 947-953. [DOI]
6. Kyriakidis I, Vasileiou E, Dorothea pana Z, et al. Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Pathogens 2021; 10(3): 373-385. [DOI]
7. Japoninejad AR, Sofian M, Ghaznavi-Rad. Molecular detection of AdeABC efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and their contribution in imipenem resistance. Iran South Med J 2014; 17(5): 815- 823. [Article]
8. Damier-Piolle L, Magnet S, Bremont S, et al. AdeIJK, a resistance nodulationcell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52(2): 557–562. [DOI]
9. Coyne S, Guigon G, Courvalin P, et al. Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54(1): 333-340. [DOI]
10. AL-Harmoosh R, Jarallah E, AL-Shamari A, et al. Detection of efflux pumps genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Res J Pharm Technol 2017; 10(12): 4132-4136. [DOI]
11. Mobasseri P, Azimi L, Salehi M, et al. Multi-drug Resistance Profiles and Expression of AdeIJK and AbeM in Acinetobacter baumannii Collected from Humans by Real-time PCR. J Med Bacteriol 2018; 7(1-2): 50-56. (Persian) [Article]
12. Karami F, Nazari R, Adeli H. Detection of Genes Encoding Metallo-beta-lactamases in Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 2021; 28(6): 559-567. [DOI]
13. Abbey TC, Deak E. What’s new from the CLSI subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing M100. Clin Microbiol Newsl 2019; 41(23): 203-209. 10.1016/j.clin- micnews.2019.11.002 [DOI]
14. Meimani F, Nazari R, Rostami MN. Detection of metallo- betalactamase-encoding genes among clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa in Qom Province. Zahedan J Res Med Sci 2018; 20(9): 595-609. [DOI]
15. Al-Shamiri MM, Zhang S, Mi P, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii enrolled in the relationship among antibiotic resistance, bio- film formation and motility. Microb Pathog 2021; 155: 104922. [DOI]
16. Eshtiaghi S, Nazari R, Fasihi-Ramandi M. Molecular Docking, Anti-Biofilm & Antibacterial Activities and Therapeutic Index of mCM11 Peptide on Acinetobacter bau- mannii Strains. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80(6): 191-206. [DOI]
17. Hossseini Bafghi M, Ghanipour F, Nazari R, et al. Enhancing the Antibacterial Impact of Lipopeptide Extracted from Bacillus licheniformis as a Probiotic against MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Biosci 2024; 29(5): 171-185. [DOI]
18. Shahvaroghi A, Nazari R, Aghaei SS. Molecular Investi- gation of pgaA, pgaB, pgaC and pgaD Genes Associated with Biofilm Formation in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in Qom City. J Knowledge Health Basic Med Sci 2024; 19(1): 57-65. (Persian) [DOI]
19. Yoon EJ, Chabane YN, Goussard S, et al. Contribution of resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux systems to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii. mBio 2015; 6(2): e00309-315. [DOI]
20. Sedighian Kashi N, Honarmand S, Baghbani Arani F. Investigation of Association Between adeA, adeB, adeI Genes and Phenotypic Activity of Efflux Pump in Multiple Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. Iran J Med Microbiol 2018; 12(5): 301-310. (Persian) [DOI]
21. Ahmadi Khatiri F, Fahimzad A, Fallah F, et al. Frequency of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and the Most Common OXA- type Genes in Multiple Drug-Resistant Strains Isolated from Patients in Tabriz Imam Reza Hospital. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2020; 30(187): 117-126. (Persian) [Article]
22. Safari M, Nejad ASM, Bahador A, et al. Prevalence of ESBL and MBL encoding genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients of intensive care units (ICU). Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22(4): 424-429. [DOI]
23. AsadiJoubari M, Goli HR. Frequency of MDR and XDR Strains and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates in Sari Hospitals, Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2020; 30(188): 89-99. (Persian) [Article]
24. Poladi I, Delfani S, Soroush S, et al. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii clini- cal isolates in Khorramabad hospitals. Yafteh 2021; 23(3): 158-167. (Persian) [DOI]
25. Ayan M, Durmaz R, Aktas E, et al. Bacteriological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospital-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect 2003; 54(1): 39-45. [DOI]
26. Lin MF, Chang KC, Lan CY, et al. Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Five Proximal Hospitals in Taiwan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2011; 64(3): 222-227. [Article]
27. Pagdepanichkit S, Tribuddharat C, Chuanchuen R. Distribution and expression of the Ade multidrug efflux systems in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62(9): 794-801. [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and Permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
